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WORLD ACADEMY OF INFORMATICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES Robots will do jobs we have been doing, and do them much in 1962 as part of his better. They will do jobs we can’t do at all. They will do Innovations’ theory. He jobs we never imagined even needed to be done. And they innovation could be will help us discover new jobs for ourselves, new tasks that characteristics: innovators, expand who we are. They will let us focus on becoming majority and laggards. more human than we were. MODERNIZATION AND EXPONENTIAL TOOL PATTERNS Our interviews have revealed patterns of how these tools are being used in combination by organizations to improve their basic finance activities. Organizations that are already using cloud and process robotics with their finance functions find that the combination leads to unmanageable amounts of data. Big data is nothing new, however, and can provide new sources of insight that might be applied in performance management. But organizations have found themselves drowning in what’s termed a ‘data lake’. At its most basic, a data lake is a description of any large raw data pool. This includes structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that is stored in one place until required. To enable mining of their new data lakes for maximum insight, organizations we spoke with are having to invest in exponential tools. They are investing in advanced analytics and in-memory computing to assemble information more quickly, while simultaneously using cognitive computing solutions to query the data lake, to provide automated insight. It is only through a combination of core modernization and exponential tools that finance functions are beginning to change their organizational landscape. Influential and impactful reporting is then achieved by combining the technology with the technical expertise of the finance professional. A 2016 World Economic Forum / Accenture white paper forecasts that ‘these types of technologies will reduce the costs of the finance function by 40 percent’. TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION Our research is uncovering patterns in the area of technology adoption. It’s allowing us to understand which types of organizations are already experiencing and embracing the finance function of the future, and what’s motivating their technological adoption: 1. INNOVATORS AND LAGGARDS The data reveals that the innovators and early adopters implementing disruptive technologies into their finance functions tend to be either: a. Multinational or transnational organizations, b. National organizations (normally in competition with multinational or transnational organizations c. Specific sectors such as: i. Financial services ii. Telecommunications iii. Private iv. FinTech (financial technology); or d. Start-ups run by young entrepreneurs. These types of organizations typically represent the first 16 percent of a technology adoption bell curve. Roger’s adoption bell curve (Figure 2) was first published www.waims.co.in ISSN : 2278-1315 research into the ‘Diffusion of proposed that the adopters of categorized into five group early adopters, early majority, late Figure 2: Roger’s adoption bell curve Of course, there are risks in being the first to implement technology, just as there are risks associated with turning up to the party too late and being left behind. It’s an age-old dilemma, as Haskel and Westlake remind us, ‘People often observe that while the early bird catches the worm, it is the second mouse that gets the cheese’. And this must be contrasted against McAFee and Brynjolfsson’s early 1900’s electrification revolution example: We also know that not all factories were able to electrify intelligently. Some companies and their leaders saw the potential of unit drive and embraced it, while others debated the matter for decades. For all these reasons, it seems likely that the early-adopting factories contributed directly to the deaths of many old industrial trusts. Whether you are an innovator or part of the late majority, knowing where you sit on the adoption bell curve will inform your organization’s risk appetite around disruptive technologies. 2. SOCIAL DEMAND IN SUPPLY CHAIN FACTOR A 2017 McKinsey paper on automation, employment and productivity highlights factors affecting the pace and extent of automation. The report sets out five factors that are influencing the extent and pace of automation around work activities for organizations. These are: a. Technical feasibility b. Cost of developing and deploying solutions c. Labor market dynamics d. Economic benefits e. Regulatory and social acceptance. Our research brings to light a sixth factor that’s influencing the pace of automation within organizations. The missing factor is that of social demand in the ecosystem. When others in an organization’s supply chain implement a disruptive technology, this speeds up adoption of similar technologies across the ecosystem. This missing component is linked to what Haskel and Westlake term ‘dynamic clusters’. Dynamic clusters are ‘places where innovative businesses and people are more likely to come together and share ideas’. In one interview with a representative from a FinTech company, a discussion on the topic of blockchain arose. The individual disclosed that their organization was investing in blockchain technology primarily because the rest of the sector ENDEAVOR 2019 | WAIMS ACADMIC PRESS 30 | P a g e