Encyclopedie de la recherche sur l'aluminium au Quebec - Edition 2014 | Page 72

70 Stochastic TRANSFORMATION AND APPLICATIONS TRANSFORMATION ET APPLICATIONS // models and numerical solutions for manufacturing/remanufacturing systems with applications to the printer cartridge industry APPLICATION DES MODÈLES STOCHASTIQUES ET DES MÉTHODES NUMÉRIQUES POUR L'OPTIMISATION DU « MANUFACTURING » ET DE « REMANUFACTURING » : APPLICATION AU RECYCLAGE DES CARTOUCHES D'ENCRE POUR IMPRIMANTES Application des modèles stochastiques et des méthodes STOCHASTIC MODELS AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS FOR MANUFACTURING/REMANUFACTURING numériques au cas des entreprises de récyclage des SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO THEcartouches d’encre pour imprimantes PRINTER CATRIDGE INDUSTRY Kouedeu Annie Francie1, Songmene Victor1, Kenné Jean-Pierre1 Dejax Pierre2 et Polotski Vladimir1 1 Université du Québec / École de Technologie Supérieure, ÉTS 2 École des Mines de Nantes / LUNAM / IRCCyN 1. Introduction 5. Methodology Increasing attention is being paid to reverse logistics both by industry and academia. Traditionally, remanufacturing has been used within the sole domain of the automotive and aeronautical sectors. In recent decades, it has spread to other sectors as well. In this paper, we will focus on the case of printer cartridges. A more general structure of manufacturing/remanufacturing systems as depicted in below figure is often associated with different dynamic blocks involving random and exogenous events. Thus, the control problem can be very complex. Hence, it is important to develop mathematical models capable of handling random events in the context of complex production systems. 6. Results (next) The corresponding HJB equations as in Kouedeu et al. (2014) are :    g ( , x , x )   v( , x1 , x2 )  (u1  u2  d ) v( , x1)  1 2  x1   B    (u ,u ) ( )  v( , x2 ) 1 2    (r  u2  disp)  x2      min Production rate of M1 at mode 1  v  , x1, x2   Using Kushner methods approach (Kushner (1992)), we have: 2. Goal of the Control Problem The goal of the control problem concerns the minimization of a cost function which penalizes the presence of waiting customers, the inventory of finished parts, and the inventory of parts returned from customers. h  (u  u  d ) v ( x1  h1 , x2 ,  ) Ind u1  u2  d  0   h  g ( , x1 , x2 )    v ( x1 , x2 ,  )  1 2  h  h1    v ( x1  h1 , x2 ,  ) Ind u1  u2  d  0       h   (r  u2  disp ) v ( x1 , x2  h2 ,  ) Ind r  u2  disp  0    h    h2    v ( x1 , x2  h2 ,  ) Ind r  u2  disp  0 h  v  , x1 , x2   min h  ( u1 ,u2 )   ( )  u1  u2  d c r  u2  disp            h1 h2                   0.4 U 0.3 0.2 0.1 2 1.5 0 1 0.5 h Vi ( x1 , x2 ,1)  Returned products Serviceable inventory Disposal Ramanufacturing Factory (M2) x2(t) u2(t) x1(t) min  Demand (Customers) • mode 2 Manufacturing Factory (M1) i  1    2 i  Forward Backward  Vi h ( x , x , 2)  1 MRC (Manufacturing Remanufacturing Company ): European leader in compatible consumables for inkjet, laser, fax and impact printing. 2 min u1  20 countries, 25 industrial and commercial sites, 2 000 employees. Pierre Dejax École des Mines de Nantes, LUNAM, IRCCyN h (u1  d ) v ( x1  H