el Don V. 92 No. 5 | Page 5

el Don /SANTA ANA COLLEGE • MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, 2014/eldonnews.org DROUGHT NEWS Last week’s storm hardly helped the state’s record low water supply. Experts explore alternatives as supplies dwindle. BY JOSE SERVIN / el Don County to prevent intrusion from ocean salt water. Critics call it the Toilet to Tap program California is still dry. Despite recent showers, because of the use of sewer water, but this pro- the level of rainfall is nine inches below aver- cess is actually very clean, as proven by monthly age in the fourth year of one of state’s worst water quality tests. droughts, leading cities to encourage and Rebates and Restrictions in some cases require residents to start saving water. Programs implemented by water suppliers in Orange County provide rebates to people who California receives an average of 15 inches of purchase low-water-use toilets, efficient wash- rain per year, but this year so far only four or ing machines, and low-flow shower heads. There so inches have fallen. This barely helps allevi- are also rebates for people who replace their ate the dry conditions, according to PRISM, a green lawns with drought friendly, or zerophytic climate group supported by the United States plants. Restrictions include fines for watering Department of Agriculture. driveways and other forms of wasteful use. seem unimportant, but the amount missing Desalination The private company Poseidon Water is cur- from reservoirs, lakes, marinas and rivers is rently building a desalination facility in north staggering when low waterlines show the lack San Diego County that will remove the salt from of volume. Looked at another way, hydrologist ocean water, clean it, and make it potable. While Alan Nestlinger says that if spread across the this process can make use of the abundance Santa Ana College campus, those missing 11 of ocean water, it is extremely expensive when inches of rainwater would fill 6,750 shipping compared with other solutions, and produces containers stacked 367 miles high. less usable water. Communities across the state are responding by cutting back on water use. This is what Orange County is doing to combat the crisis: “If we get longer drought periods, we’re going to be forced to do desalination at some point,” said Santa Ana College professor of geography Bill Courter. Groundwater Replenishment A facility run by the Orange County Water Desalination may be a long-term solution, but the most direct response to the drought District in Fountain Valley treats sewer water remains reduced water usage by California busi- and refills the water table underneath Orange nesses and residents. WATER SOURCE ALTERNATIVES DESALINATION San Diego-based Poseidon Water is building a facility that will separate salt from sea water. The process is more costly than other methods. TOILET TO TAP Sewer water is treated, filtered and funneled into the water supply at the OCWD Fountain Valley retention basin. Water tests confirm its purity. PARCHED / Lake San Antonio in Bradley, Calif. was once a 16-mile lake in Monterey County. The lakebed receded to about five miles by Sept. 2014. Another dry year is leaving California’s farmers in an ever-tighter bind./ ALLEN J. SCHABEN / TNS el Don /SANTA ANA COLLEGE • MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, 2014/eldonnews.org A difference of a few inches of water may 5