events , cultural activities , and public programming , thereby attracting visitors and creating opportunities for local businesses to prosper . Moreover , placemaking aims to establish environments with a strong sense of identity , distinctive characteristics , and unparalleled resources . Localities can effectively distinguish themselves and draw in investment , tourism , and business prospects by leveraging their unique heritage , cultural assets , natural characteristics , or architectural elements ( Montgomery , 2020 ).
Active involvement and collaboration with the local community and other relevant stakeholders at all stages are crucial for successful placemaking . Engaging stakeholders throughout the planning and execution stages ensures that development aligns with their needs , aspirations and values . When stakeholders , particularly the community , have a sense of ownership and pride in their immediate environment , they are more inclined to contribute to and endorse local economic development initiatives ( Sadler , 2013 ).
In addition , placemaking puts emphasis on the implementation of sustainable development practices , encompassing aspects such as energy efficiency , green infrastructure , and promotes environmental stewardship . Through the integration of sustainable design principles , developments have the potential to decrease operational expenses , appeal to environmentally aware enterprises , and make a positive contribution to both long-term economic and environmental sustainability ( Barton et al ., 2003 ; Gehl , 2010 ).
EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL PLACEMAKING PROJECTS — GOLD COAST Gold Coast has seen several successful placemaking initiatives that have revitalised public spaces , fostered community engagement , and enhanced the city ’ s cultural and recreational offerings . Through thoughtful design , community involvement , and a focus on creating vibrant and accessible environments , these projects have contributed to the overall liveability and attractiveness of the Gold Coast . Examples of projects include :
Broadbeach : has been transformed into a thriving urban precinct through pedestrianfriendly spaces , landscaped gardens , and outdoor seating areas . The mix of retail shops , cafes , and restaurants , as well as regular events and markets create a lively atmosphere and sense of community .
Surfers Paradise Foreshore : The Surfers Paradise Foreshore redevelopment project has significantly enhanced the public realm with a new beachfront park , interactive water features , public art installations , and improved pedestrian and cycling pathways . The area has transformed into a more attractive and accessible space connecting between the city with its iconic beachfront .
Home of the Arts ( HOTA ): The HOTA has become a cultural hub for artistic and cultural activities , offering an outdoor stage , amphitheatre , gallery spaces , and a parkland area for community events . Its exhibitions , performances , and events have contributed to the city ’ s creative identity and diverse entertainment options .
Burleigh Heads Village : Placemaking initiatives have enhanced its unique village character of Burleigh Heads . The area features a mix of boutique shops , cafes , and restaurants , along with public art and green spaces , creating a vibrant and walkable retail precinct for locals and visitors .
In post-pandemic placemaking , several factors play a significant role in shaping the success and outcomes of the initiatives . Post-pandemic placemaking requires a comprehensive approach that considers the following factors :
1 . Competition and Demand : Understanding and analysing market dynamics , competition ( from other suburbs or precincts ), consumer demand / preferences , and market gaps is vital for effective placemaking , attracting visitors , businesses , and investment .
2 . Social and Pandemic Considerations : Placemaking should address social needs and considerations , including ongoing pandemic impacts by prioritising health and safety . Placemaking efforts can also focus on social cohesion , community wellbeing , and supporting local businesses affected by the pandemic .
3 . Capacity and Infrastructure : Assessing the existing infrastructure , such as transportation , parking , utilities , and public space , is crucial to accommodate increased demand and support growth .
4 . City Reputation and Future Vision : Placemaking efforts should align with the city ’ s future vision and brand identity , cultural heritage , and unique features , to maintain its reputation and attract visitors and businesses .
5 . Domestic and International Visitor Spend : Placemaking can encourage visitor spending by creating appealing and vibrant places and offering diverse experiences , supporting local businesses and generating economic growth .
6 . Competing Suburbs / Precincts : Placemaking initiatives may face competition from neighbouring suburbs or precincts . Understanding the precinct and competitor strengths and weaknesses helps develop unique selling points and differentiate the placemaking offerings to attract visitors and investment .
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL VOL 16 NO 2 2023 23