EDA Journal Vol 11. No.1 Winter 2018 | Page 23

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY • Business Improvement Areas (BIA) was a 1970s world first incarnation in Toronto, Canada where businesses actually requested to be part of a voluntary tax to improve and revitalise neighbourhoods. Bloor West Village businesses saw sales volumes increase 40- 70%. http://torontoist.com/2013/02/toronto-invents- the-business-improvement-area/ • • Economic studies in many US municipalities show that higher density mixed use of between 2-5 storeys return higher rates and taxes to LGAs. Downtown Grand Rapids Inc. (Michigan) – inviting entrepreneurs and business to their (refreshed) version of public/private/not-for- profit (they call it triple p) of revitalisation. Incorporation of a ‘dot org’ group allows them access to public funds. They have also funded studies supporting the notion and evidence of increased economic impact when wage (and ethnic) equalisation occurs in a community. The central question was raised ‘Why people love living somewhere’. The push is for creative place making that provides an economic (direct + indirect) return. Beautification is used as an investment attraction tool. http://downtowngr.org/ The reinvigoration of local manufacturing utilising local skills base was interesting to observe, and the federal government support for technology, innovation, small business funding and export development. The strong message at the state and federal levels to trumpet local jobs and local vitality was received loud and clear and the opportunities within downtowns and outer metropolitan urban areas was also interesting to observe. VOL.11 NO.1 2018 | 23