RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS
The use of ECMO comes with risks . The most common risks include :
Patient-related complications :
• Blood clot ( thromboembolism )
• Blood clotting disorder ( coagulopathy )
• Infection
• Loss of blood flow in hands , feet , or legs ( limb ischemia , which can lead to amputation )
• Seizures
• Stroke ( part of the brain is damaged by loss of blood or by a blood vessel that bursts )
• ICU delirium ( confusion )/ ICU-induced anxiety
• Death
ECMO equipment-related complications :
• Air embolism ( air bubble )
• Clotting
• Bleeding , hematoma ( a bad bruise or collection of blood ), or aneurysm ( weakening of blood vessel ) at the cannula site
• Cannulae getting out of position or dislodged
• Equipment failure ( leading to possible change of pump or oxygenator )
Blood transfusions often are required for patients on ECMO , to make sure their blood counts stay up and that they are getting enough oxygen . Each transfusion carries its own risks , but our blood bank runs many tests to make sure the blood products are as safe as possible .
Complications can occur during the placement of these cannulae . Usually they are placed in blood vessels within the neck and groin . The longer a patient is on ECMO , the greater the risk of any complication . Over time , complications from ECMO can involve other organs such as the kidneys , liver , or bowel . These organs may begin to fail . If this occurs , additional therapies or surgical procedures may be needed to support the affected organs .
6 Family Guide for Patients Who Need ECMO