Programme Erasmus + Europe on the move : Migration Biographies
Theses
base to occupy more parts of Syria . In April of 2013 the ISI changed their name to Islamic State of Iraq and
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Syria ( ISIS ).
In 2013 first reports of the use of chemical weapons were published , with the Syrian government and Syrian rebels blaming each other . The attacks mostly killed civilians . The United States claimed that the Syrian government was responsible for the chemical weapon attacks . Numerous chemical weapon attacks followed the initial ones in 2013 , all of which were blamed on Syrian government by the wider international community .
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This led to international condemnations in 2013 , 2017 and 2018 .
Another rebel group that had been active for a longer period was the al-Nusra front . The al-Nusra front was responsible for multiple terrorist attacks aiming to build an Islamic State in Syria . Different Islamic rebel groups
78 79 united and formed the Syrian Islamic Front , the biggest armed rebel group .
Over time , multiple suggested resolutions to the conflict were vetoed by China and Russia . However , the United Nations ( UN ) did convict the Syrian government of its violence in a resolution in 2012 , although the most severe points of concern were removed before its passing . Eventually a peace agreement was reached by the UN , which included a cease-fire , but this was not upheld by the Syrian government . In 2014 multiple peace
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 conference talks failed due to an inability from the parties to come to a consensus .
In the first half of 2014 ISIS conquered large parts of Syria and changed its name to Islamic State ( IS ) as they wished to expand to other parts of the world , beyond Syria and Iraq . This was followed by the proclamation of the caliphate which included the conquered areas in Iraq and Syria . Their goal to instil fear and horror was achieved through public executions . At that time the U . S .-led coalition started bombing IS bases . Russia and Iran were fighting on the side of the Syrian government as its allies , but Assad was also supported by the Lebanese Hezbollah . The Islamic rebels were supported by countries such as Saudi Arabia , the Gulf States and
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Turkey . These were the first signs of a proxy war .
In 2015 , terrorist attacks by IS started in Turkey and Europe killing hundreds of civilians . 92 This led to increased air strikes in Iraq and eventually Syria . These were initially led by the U . S . and latterly by the U . K . and France joined in and were supported by Turkey and Saudi Arabia as well as other Arab allies . The U . S . also supported the Syrian Democratic Forces ( SDF ), a coalition between Kurds , from the rebel group People ’ s Protection Units ( YPG ), and other opponents , with ground operations . Turkey carried out ground operations against IS but also against Kurdish troops . Russia , at the request of the Syrian government , began sending air strikes to Assad ’ s opponents . The Syrian government reached its first “ notable victories ” 93 against IS at the end of 2015 . Later they
71 ( Schweizer 2015 , 512f .)
72 ( Gordon , et al . 2019 )
73 ( Schulte von Drach 2018 )
74 ( History . com Editors 2017 )
75 ( Gordon , et al . 2019 )
76
( Schweizer 2015 , 512 )
77 ( Schulte von Drach 2018 )
78 ( Counter extremism project n . d .)
79 ( Schulte von Drach 2018 )
80 ( BBC 2019 )
81 ( Bender 2012 , 200f .)
82 ( Spiegel online 2012 )
83 ( Spiegel online 2012 )
84 ( dpa 2012 , 1 )
85 ( Schulte von Drach 2018 )
86 ( Schulte von Drach 2018 )
87 ( Schweizer 2015 , 513f .)
88 ( History . com Editors 2017 )
89 ( BBC 2019 )
90 ( Schulte von Drach 2018 )
91 ( Schulte von Drach 2018 )
92 ( Europäisches Parlament 2019 )
93 ( Gordon , et al . 2019 )
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