Drink and Drugs News DDN October 2019 | Page 5

read the full stories, and more, online www.drinkanddrugsnews.com MILLIONS BEING PRESCRIBED POTENTIALLY ADDICTIVE DRUGS MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN ENGLAND are being prescribed potentially addictive medications, according to the findings of a major review by Public Health England (PHE). Announced last year (DDN, February 2018, page 4), the review looks at dependence and withdrawal issues associated with five commonly prescribed classes of medication – opioid pain medicine, benzodiazepines, ‘z’ drugs such as zopiclone, antidepressants and gabapentinoids. It found that one in four adults – 11.5m people – had been prescribed at least one of these in the year to March 2018, with half of those on a prescription having been continuously prescribed the drugs for at least a year and up to 32 per cent for at least three years. Benzodiazepines are not recommended for use lasting more than a month, while opioids for chronic non-cancer pain are known to be ineffective when used over the long term. Prescriptions for antidepressants and gabapentinoids are on the rise, but those for opioids, benzodiazepines and z drugs are all falling, the review found. There were, however, wide variations in prescribing rates across clinical commissioning groups (CCGs), with both prescribing levels and length of prescriptions for opioids and gabapentinoids higher in some of the country’s most deprived areas. ‘People who have been on these drugs for longer time periods should not stop taking their medication suddenly,’ PHE stresses. ‘If they are concerned they should seek the support of their GP.’ However, people who had experienced problems with the drugs reported feeling ‘uninformed’ when they started taking them and ‘unsupported’ after getting into difficulties. ‘Patients experienced barriers to accessing and engaging in treatment services,’ the report says. ‘They felt there was a lack of information on the risks of medication and that doctors did not acknowledge or recognise withdrawal symptoms.’ Among the document’s recommendations are the development of new clinical guidelines on the safe management of dependence and withdrawal problems, and improved information for patients about the benefits and risks of the medications. It also wants to see better training for clinicians to make sure their prescribing adheres to best practice, and the establishment of a rOSanna O’COnnOr national helpline for patients. ‘We know that GPs in some of the more deprived areas are under great pressure but, as this review highlights, more needs to be done to educate and support patients, as well as looking closely at prescribing practice, and what alternative treatments are available locally,’ said PHE’s director of alcohol, drugs, tobacco and justice, Rosanna O’Connor. ‘While the scale and nature of opioid prescribing does not reflect the so-called crisis in North America, the NHS needs to take action now to protect patients.’ Prescribed medicines review: report at www.gov.uk DRINKING DAYS SMOKELESS FUELLED Adult smoking rates in England fell by 2.2 per cent in the first six months of the year, according to University College London’s smoking toolkit study – the equivalent of 200 fewer smokers every hour. ‘We’re really excited about this data showing such a huge drop in the number of smokers so far in 2019,’ said study lead professor Jamie Brown. ‘We’re at an all-time low for the number of smokers, but we want to see more people quitting.’ www.ucl.ac.uk/health- psychology/research/ Smoking_Toolkit_Study www.drinkanddrugsnews.com ‘more needs to be done to educate and support patients.’ THE PERCENTAGE OF MEN IN SCOTLAND drinking more than four units on their heaviest drinking day has fallen from 45 per cent to 36 per cent since 2003, according to the latest figures, while the percentage of women drinking more than three units fell from 37 to 28 per cent over the same period. The proportion of adults who now smoke is 19 per cent, down from 28 per cent in 2003. Scottish health survey 2018 at https://www.gov.scot/ ‘We’re at an all-time SOCIAL SALES low for the number A QUARTER OF YOUNG PEOPLE have seen illegal drugs advertised for sale on social of smokers...’ media, according to a report from Volteface. prOfeSSOr JamIe BrOWn Cannabis, cocaine and MDMA were the substances most frequently advertised, says DM for details: selling drugs in the age of social media, with distribution activity most prevalent on Snapchat, Instagram and Facebook. ‘Social media is providing drug dealers with easy-to-use and familiar platforms that they can use to find and build trust with customers, advertise their business, and disguise their activities,’ the document states. ‘The emergence of drug markets on social media is not simply a transfer of harmful activity from the offline world onto the online world. It is a new problem which presents new threats.’ Report at volteface.me HALF MEASURES THE INTRODUCTION OF MINIMUM UNIT PRICING (MUP) in Scotland appears to have cut the amount purchased per person by around 1.2 units a week, according to a paper published in the BMJ, the equivalent of half a pint of beer. Reductions in consumption ‘only occurred in the households that bought the most alcohol’, says Immediate impact of minimum unit pricing on alcohol purchases in Scotland. Meanwhile, the first study into the impact of alcohol minimum pricing on homeless drinkers has been launched by Glasgow Caledonian University. ‘You might think MUP would affect homeless people and street drinkers the most, given they represent the poorest groups in society and tend to consume cheap alcohol,’ said co- lead Prof Lawrie Elliott. ‘However, we don't know this, nor do we know about any unintended consequences of the legislation – for example switching to illicit alcohol or drugs.’ Report at www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l5274 GET TESTED UP TO TWO THIRDS of the estimated 143,000 people in the UK living with a chronic hepatitis C infection may be unaware they have it, according to the latest figures from PHE. The agency is renewing its call for anyone who believes they have been at risk of contracting the virus – particularly if they have ever injected drugs – to get tested. ‘Given that new treatments provide a cure in around 95 per cent of those who take them, there has never been a better time,’ said PHE senior scientist Dr Helen Harris. Hepatitis C in the UK at www.gov.uk October 2019 | drinkanddrugsnews | 5