While guilds thrived for many centuries, economics, revolution, the advent of industrialization, migration of labor from the rural areas to the cities, and redistribution of wealth all contributed to their end. In Italy they were outlawed in the late 18th century, in France they were outlawed after the revolution and finally disbanded in 1791. England was the last European country to limit the guilds power; however, it did not disband them.
Instead the guilds in England evolved, pivoting to become more like social organizations with a charitable mission. They became known as livery companies – a livery referring to a particular kind of dress worn by its members – and continued to operate in the city. In London there are currently 110 active livery companies, many of which still operate out of their original guild halls.
(See video below for information on London's City & Guilds.)
The livery companies continue to support their members and the perpetuation of their craft through education, training, examination, awarding of prizes, and by providing financial support to up-and-coming craftspeople. But the support the livery companies provides extends beyond the confines of the guild halls and their particular members to society in general through their support of the City & Guilds of London Institute.
Founded in 1878, by 16 livery companies plus the City of London Corporation, the Institute created a national system of technical education dedicated to providing vocational education. Today it offers opportunities to young people and professionals in search of re-training.
For a list of current Livery Companies visit: https://london.fandom.com/wiki/List_of_Livery_Companies
1 Encyclopedia Brittanica
Right:
London City & Guilds
Courtesy of:
City & Guilds
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