22 Sale, Kirkpatrick. Dwellers in the Land: The Bioregional Vision (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1985), 146- 147; citing National Resources Planning Committee, Regional Factors in National Planning and Development, 2 December 1935, U.S. Government Printing Office, containing the Report of the Technical Committee on Regional Planning, October 1935.
23 Ohmae, Kenichi. The End of the Nation State: The Rise of Regional Economies (New York: Simon & Schuster), 1995.
24 America's functional economic regions center around key city hubs that can be more efficiently connected through high-speed railways and Internet cables. (Created by University of Wisconsin-Madison Cartography Laboratory) Source: https://www.paragkhanna.com/
25 Urban archipelagos represent a growing share of national economies. Moscow, Sao Paulo, Lagos and.com/ Johannesburg are representative of growth markets where one city dominates the economic landscape. (Created by University of Wisconsin-Madison Cartography Laboratory) Source: https://www.paragkhanna
26 Inter-regional data transfer routes are growing among major cities worldwide. Terabytes per second (Tbps) capacity is a proxy for the volume of data transferred across borders. Europe ranks far ahead of the rest of the world. (Created by TeleGeography) Source: https://www.paragkhanna.com/
27 The optimal geographies for human habitation are shifting as temperatures rise. Darker regions will become unsuitable for human habitation by 2070 or sooner, while lighter regions will become more suitable for settlement. (NASA, National Academy of Sciences, Chi Xu, Marten Scheffer) Source: https://www.paragkhanna.com/
28 Climate Central
29 Freshwater availability is projected to decline in almost all regions of the world over the coming two decades. The Middle East and North Africa, as well as the southern United States and eastern Australia, will be among the most affected geographies. (World Resources Institute) Source: https://www.paragkhanna.com/
30 Global agriculture today largely overlaps with our population distribution but rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns are changing the optimal geographies for agricultural production. (Food and Agriculture Organization, International Food Policy Research Institute) Source: https://www.paragkhanna.com/
31 UBS, https://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ubs-vierte-industrielle-revolution-2016-01-21.pdf
32 Most migration takes place within regions or between adjacent regions. The largest migrant stock is among the former Soviet republics, followed by the South Asian population in the Gulf countries. (International Organization for Migration, McKinsey & Co., OECD, United Nations, World Bank) Source: https://www.paragkhanna.com/
33 Source: Udvarky, Miklos. ”A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World” Prepared as a Contribution to UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme, Project no. 8, IUCN Occasional Paper No. 18, Interational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Morges, Switzerland, 1975. 16 & 40. Retrieved from: http://cmsdata.iucn.downloads/udvardy.pdf
34 Source: https://www.paragkhanna.com/
35 Source: https://eowilsonfoundation.org/which-half/half-earth-project-map/
36 Source: Source: https://www.paragkhanna.com/
37 Source: Wikipedia Commons
38 Source: Photo by Clayton Richards on behance
39 Michael Oakeshott. “Culture is not a miscellany of beliefs, perceptions, ideas, sentiments, and engagements, but may be recognized as a variety of languages, and its inducements are invitations to become acquainted with these languages, to learn to discriminate between them, and to recognize them not merely as diverse modes of understanding the world but as the most substantial expressions we have of human understanding.” Quoted from: Fuller, Timothy (ed.) The Voice of Liberal Learning: Michael Oakeshott on Education (New Haven: Yale University, 1989), foreword and introduction by Timothy Fuller.
40 “The role of art is not to frame policy or propose legislation but to create the conditions in which we can begin to imagine a future different from the present. Where propaganda simplifies, urging us to stop thinking, art invites us into the liminal space between what is and what ought to be.” Heffernan, Margaret. “The role of art in difficult times,” Financial Times, April 2025.
Footnotes - Agriculture as Craft
1 Fernando Laposse. Websire
2 Ray Mark Rinaldi. “Reporting from Mexico City Published,” New York Times, 7 May, 2025, updated 15 May 15, 2025.
3 Dezeen, May 30, 2019
4 Quote from Fernando’s talk.