Design guide for considering concrete breakout in shear using ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions October 2025 | Page 5

PROFIS ENGINEERING
CASE 2: two anchor rows, one anchor in each row
• Reference the Case 2 illustration in Figure 2 [ 4 ].
• The c a1-value for the anchor row nearest the fixed edge being considered equals c a1, 1.
• The spacing( s) between the near row and far row anchors in the direction of the applied shear load( V) is greater than or equal to c a1, 1.
• Since s ≥ c a1, 1, a complete concrete breakout failure surface can develop from both the near row anchor and the far row anchor. Therefore, both Case 1 and Case 2 must be checked.
• Case 2 assumes shear concrete failure occurs from the far row anchor.
• The partial shear load( 0.5V) acting on the near row anchor has been redistributed to the far row anchor, so the far row anchor now resists the total shear load( 1.0V).
• The shear nominal concrete breakout strength for the far row anchor( V cb, far row) is calculated using the distance of the far row anchor from the fixed edge( c a1, 2).
• The design concrete breakout strength for the far row anchor( ϕV cb, far row) is checked versus 1.0V.
• Case 2 is satisfied if the percent utilization defined as( 1.0V / ϕV cb, far row) ≤ 100 %.
• Check the Case 1 result versus Case 2 result. The highest percent utilization controls the design.
• MAX {( 0.5V / ϕV cb, near row);( 1.0V / ϕV cb, far row)} controls the design.
CASE 3: two anchor rows, one anchor in each row
• Reference the Case 3 illustration in Figure 2 [ 4 ].
• The c a1-value for the anchor row nearest the fixed edge being considered equals c a1, 1.
• The spacing( s) between the near row and far row anchors in the direction of the applied shear load( V) is less than c a1, 1.
• Since s < c a1, 1, the failure surface from the far row anchor merges with that of the near row anchor. Therefore, a complete concrete breakout failure surface can only develop from the near row anchor, and the near row anchor must resist the total shear load.
• The shear nominal concrete breakout strength for the near row anchor( V cb, near row) is calculated using the distance of the near row anchor from the fixed edge( c a1, 1).
• The design concrete breakout strength for the near row anchor( ϕV cb, near row) is checked versus 1.0V.
• Case 3 is satisfied if the percent utilization defined as( 1.0V / ϕV cb, near row) ≤ 100 %.
Summary of Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 for two anchor rows, one anchor in each row
• Each case is predicated on the distance, in the direction of the applied shear load, of the near row anchor from the fixed edge being considered( c a1, 1 in Figure 2 [ 4 ]).
• Each case is predicated on the spacing( s) between the two rows in the direction of the applied shear load.
• If s ≥ c a1, 1, both Case 1 and Case 2 must be considered.
• Case 1: ϕV cb, near row is calculated using c a1, 1 and checked versus 0.5V.
• Case 2: ϕV cb, far row is calculated using c a1, 2 and checked versus 1.0V.
• Case 1 results must be checked versus Case 2 results:
• MAX {( 0.5V / ϕV cb, near row);( 1.0V / ϕV cb, far row)} controls the design.
• If If s < c a1, 1, only Case 3 is considered.
• Case 3: ϕV cb, near row is calculated using c a1, 1 and checked versus 1.0V.
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