Current Pedorthics | September-October 2019 | Vol.51, Issue 5 | Page 47

Table 1: Cohort demographic characteristics and comparison of participants who
developed a new DFU during the study and those who did not.
All participants No DFU during study DFU during study
Number of DFU 53 0 53
Number of participants 129 92 37
61.8 6 10.5 62.2 6 11.0 61.0 6 9.3
86.0% (111/129) 87.0% (80/92) 83.8% (31/37)
Height (m) 1.78 ± 0.1 1.77 ± 0.11 1.79 ± 0.08
Weight (kg) 105.9 ± 23.7 103.1 ± 23.9 111.7 ± 22.2
BMI (kg/m 2 ) 33.4 ± 6.6 32.7 ± 6.9 34.8 ± 5.9
History of smoking 42.6% (52/122) 44.2% (38/86) 38.9% (14/36)
History of alcohol use 41.9% (39/93) 42.6% (29/68) 40.0% (10/25)
Performs regular exercise 35.2% (45/128) 35.2% (32/91) 35.1% (13/37)
Alone 35.9% (46/128) 38.0% (35/92) 30.6% (11/36)
With others 64.1% (82/128) 62.0% (57/92) 69.4% (25/36)
Active without assistance 79.1% (102/129) 78.3% (72/92) 81.1% (30/37)
Active with assistance 17.8% (23/129) 17.4% (16/92) 18.9% (7/37)
Age (years)
Male
Living conditions
Ambulatory status
Inactive
Years since diabetes diagnosed
Insulin-dependent
3.1% (4/129) 4.3% (4/92) 0.0% (0/37)
17.6 ± 10.8 16.9 ± 10.9 19.1 ± 10.7
60.5% (78/129) 55.4% (51/92) 73.0% (27/37)
8.3 ± 2.0 8.2 ± 2.1 8.6 ± 1.8
Hemoglobin A 1c
DCCT-derived (%)
IFCC-recommended (mmol/mol)
History of amputation
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67 ± 22 66 ± 23 70 ± 20
55.7% (59/106) 55.3% (42/76) 56.7% (17/30)
History of Charcot arthropathy 6.6% (8/122) 5.7% (5/87) 8.6% (3/35)
Months since last DFU healed 13.9 ± 39.2 16.1 ± 45.1 8.2 ± 14.4
DFU history
History of hallux DFU 34.9% (45/129) 31.5% (29/92) 43.2% (16/37)
History of minor toe DFU 55.8% (72/129) 52.2% (48/92) 64.9% (24/37)
History of metatarsal DFU 41.9% (54/129) 40.2% (37/92) 45.9% (17/37)
4.7% (6/129) 3.3% (3/92) 8.1% (3/37)
Left ankle-brachial index 1.14 ± 0.18 1.14 ± 0.16 1.17 ± 0.21
Right ankle-brachial index 1.18 ± 0.28 1.20 ± 0.31 1.15 ± 0.19
Peripheral vascular disease 9.9% (12/121) 11.5% (10/87) 5.9% (2/34)
History of vascular surgery 15.6% (20/128) 15.4% (14/91) 16.2% (6/37)
Detects left 10-g monofilament 17.9% (21/117) 19.8% (16/81) 13.9% (5/36)
Detects right 10-g monofilament 17.2% (20/116) 18.8% (15/80) 13.9% (5/36)
History of midfoot or heel DFU
Vascular status
Neurological status
Wears therapeutic shoes 86.3% (107/124) 86.5% (77/89) 85.7% (30/35)
VHA participant 45.0% (58/129) 46.7% (43/92) 40.5% (15/37)
Study adherence (uses/week) 5.5 ± 1.2 5.4 ± 1.3 5.6 ± 1.1
Temperature asymmetry (°C)** 3.10 ± 1.57 2.81 ± 1.42 3.94 ± 1.68
Data are means 6 SD or percentage (n/N). DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial;
IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry; VHA, Veterans Health Administration.
**P, 0.01.