Current Pedorthics | November-December 2018 | Vol.50, Issue 6 | Page 39

Inverted posture ‘A Rearfoot good fit?’ Author Details: 1 Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan. 2 Department of Physical Therapy Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 3 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan. 4 Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata REFERENCES 1. Cross M, Smith E, Hoy D, Nolte S, Ackerman I, Fransen M, et al. The global burden of hip and knee osteoarthritis: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1323–30. 2. Hinman RS, Crossley KM. Patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis: an important subgroup of knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:1057–62. 3. Crossley KM, Hinman RS. The patellofemoral joint: the forgotten joint in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2011;19:765–7. 4. Hart HF, Stefanik JJ, Wyndow N, Machotka Z, Crossley KM. The prevalence of radiographic and MRI-defined patellofemoral osteoarthritis and structural pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51: 1195–208. 5. Hinman RS, Lentzos J, Vicenzino B, Crossley KM. Is patellofemoral osteoarthritis common in middle-aged people with chronic patellofemoral pain? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66:1252–7. 6. McAlindon T, Zhang Y, Hannan M, Naimark A, Weissman B, Castelli W, et al. Are risk factors for patellofemoral and tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis different? J Rheumatol. 1996;23:332–7. 7. Duncan RC, Hay EM, Saklatvala J, Croft PR. Prevalence of radiographic osteoarthritis–it all depends on your point of view. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45:757–60. 8. Cooper C, McAlindon T, Snow S, Vines K, Young P, Kirwan J, et al. Mechanical and constitutional risk factors for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: differences between medial tibiofemoral and patellofemoral disease. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:307–13. 9. Cicuttini FM, Spector T, Baker J. Risk factors for osteoarthritis in the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints of the knee. J Rheumatol. 1997;24: 1164–7. 10. Schiphof D, van Middelkoop M, de Klerk BM, Oei EH, Hofman A, Koes BW, et al. Crepitus is a first indication of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (and not of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis). Osteoarthr Cartil. 2014;22:631–8. 11. Grelsamer RP, Klein JR. The biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;28:286–98. 12. Tiberio D. Pathomechanics of structural foot deformities. Phys Ther. 1988;68: 1840–9. University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan. 5 Ohi Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan. 6 Nozomi Orthopedic Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan. 7 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 13. Resende RA, Deluzio KJ, Kirkwood RN, Hassan EA, Fonseca ST. Increased unilateral foot pronation affects lower limbs and pelvic biomechanics during walking. Gait Posture. 2015;41:395–401. 14. Powers CM. The influence of altered lower-extremity kinematics on patellofemoral joint dysfunction: a theoretical perspective. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:639–46. 15. Tiberio D. The effect of excessive subtalar joint pronation on patellofemoral mechanics: a theoretical model. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1987;9:160–5. 16. Barton CJ, Levinger P, Menz HB, Webster KE. Kinematic gait characteristics associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review. Gait Posture. 2009;30:405–16. 17. Aliberti S, Costa Mde S, Passaro Ade C, Arnone AC, Hirata R, Sacco IC. Influence of patellofemoral pain syndrome on plantar pressure in the foot rollover process during gait. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66:367–72. 18. Wyndow N, Collins N, Vicenzino B, Tucker K, Crossley K. Is There a biomechanical link between patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis? A narrative review. Sports Med. 2016;46:1797–1808. 19. Collins NJ, Hinman RS, Menz HB, Crossley KM. Immediate effects of foot orthoses on pain during functional tasks in people with patellofemoral osteoarthritis: a cross-over, proof-of-concept study. Knee. 2017;24:76–81. 20. Powers CM, Maffucci R, Hampton S. Rearfoot posture in subjects with patellofemoral pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;22:155–60. 21. Iijima H, Fukutani N, Aoyama T, Fukumoto T, Uritani D, Kaneda E, et al. Clinical impact of coexisting patellofemoral osteoarthritis in Japanese patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2016;68:493–501. 22. Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1957;16:494–502. 23. Altman RD, Gold GE. Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis, revised. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2007;15(Suppl A):A1–56. 24. Butler RJ, Barrios JA, Royer T, Davis IS. Frontal-plane gait mechanics in people with medial knee osteoarthritis are different from those in people with lateral knee osteoarthritis. Phys Ther. 2011;91:1235–43. Current Pedorthics | November/December 2018 37