Footwear Interventions for Foot and Ankle Arthritis
disability . Significant improvements in function ( d = 0.44 ; small effect ) and foot-related disability ( d = 0.67 ; medium effect ) were observed in the good footwear characteristics group , with no significant differences observed in the poor footwear characteristics group at eight weeks ( d = 0.14 – 0.17 ; negligible effect ).
1MTP OA
One RCT [ 12 ] measured function . Improvements in foot function were observed in the rockersole footwear group ( d = 0.61 ; medium effect ) and own footwear with foot orthoses group ( d = 0.58 ; medium effect ), however , no significant differences were observed between groups at follow-up ( d = 0.04 ; negligible effect ).
Plantar pressure and temporal-spatial parameters
Data for plantar pressure and temporal-spatial parameters was reported for three conditions : RA , gout and 1MTP OA .
Rheumatoid arthritis
One cross-sectional study [ 20 ] reported significant reductions in total foot , rearfoot and forefoot peak plantar pressure ( PPP ) in the running footwear ( d = 1.84 , 1.07 , 1.78 ; large effects ) and orthopaedic footwear ( d = 0.86 , 0.82 , 0.84 ; large effects ) groups compared to the control group . Significant reductions in total foot ( d = 1.72 , 1.06 ; large effects ) and forefoot pressure ( d = 1.74 , 1.14 ; large effects ) time integrals ( PTI ) in the running footwear and orthopaedic footwear groups compared to the control group . Significant reductions in rearfoot PTI was observed in the running footwear group compared to the control group ( d = 0.24 ; small effect ). Significant reductions in PPP and PTI for total foot pressure ( d = 1.02 , 0.87 ; large effects ) and forefoot pressure ( d = 0.91 , 0.84 ; large effects ) in the running footwear group compared to the orthopaedic footwear group . One RCT [ 18 ] reported significant within group increases in walking velocity ( d = 0.31 ; small effect ) and stride length ( d = 0.30 ; small effect ) following the provision of extra-depth footwear compared to the participant ’ s own shoes after eight weeks . Another RCT [ 19 ] reported no within group or between group improvements during overground walking , stair climbing or 50 ft walk time with extra-depth footwear only , extra-depth footwear with soft orthoses and extra-depth footwear with semi-rigid orthoses after 12 weeks ( d = 0 – 0.16 ; negligible effect ).
Gout
One cross-sectional study [ 23 ] compared good footwear characteristics to poor footwear characteristics to the participant ’ s own footwear . Significant reductions in PPP and PTI at the heel and 5MTP with increases in midfoot pressure was observed in the good footwear characteristics group compared to the poor footwear characteristics footwear group ( d = 0.02 – 0.70 ; negligible-medium effect ). Significant within group reductions in PPP at 3MTP and 5MTP , reductions in PTI at 3MTP , 5MTP and heel with increases in midfoot PTI was observed in the good footwear characteristics group compared to their own footwear ( d = 0.03 – 1.11 ; negligiblelarge effect ). Significant within group increases in PPP at the heel and lesser toes , reductions at 3MTP and reductions in midfoot PTI was observed in the poor footwear characteristics group compared to their own
Current Pedorthics | March-April 2021 35