Current Pedorthics | January-February 2016 | Vol.48, Issue 1 | Page 47

THE PERFECT BALANCEBODY & SOLE BY RONI PIDCOCK The feet, like the rest of the body, feel the effects of age. Muscle tissue thins out. The long nerves that supply the tissue do not send electrical messages as efficiently as they once did, so there may be some loss of sensation. Blood is more likely to pool in veins, which causes feet and ankles to swell. Fat pads under the heel and the ball of the foot get thinner with age, but the tissue may change in other ways so that it provides less cushioning. When you walk, the force on the heel when it hits the ground is 1-1.5 times your body weight. Walk fast, and the force of that impact is even larger. As the foot rolls forward, the pressure shifts to the outside edge and then, as you start to push off, to the ball of the foot and the toes .Foot contour also tends to alter as a person grows older. Few adults will remain the same shoe size throughout maturity. Further distortion results from years of walking unyielding pavement in stiff-soled shoes. Hard surfaces reduce the function of the underlying foot muscles, causing atrophy to form in the small toe muscles eventually. That being said, it makes sense that geriatric patients can present many unique challenges when it comes to being fit for any type of foot orthotic. They often visit their practitioner with multiple medical conditions, which could include physical, visual, or even pulmonary impairments, which must be taken into Current Pedorthics January/February 2016 45