encirclement and combing campaigns , organizing base areas and guerrilla war . The CPC , following Mao ’ s line , had to sort out problems of organizing revolutionary government , production in base areas , civil and national resistance wars , and united front . The CPC had to , as Mao analyzed , identify and resolve the problems of democracy in China . The CPC adopted and practiced Mao ’ s ideas and thoughts ; and , no doubt , Mao ’ s line had to enter into conflicts with opposing forces within the party while those forces created obstructions to Mao ’ s line – an invariable development coming out of class conflict in the society . History of the CPC , as with all political parties , is full with contradictions since its inception , but nothing failed the CPC in making advances and achievements , gains and successes , which ultimately furthered interests of the exploited .
This was a prairie fire from a spark , and , the journey moved to the Period of the Socialist Revolution and Socialist Reconstruction . In this phase , came the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution – unprecedented in the political history of humankind . The CPC , under the leadership of Mao , unswervingly opposed revisionism led by the Khrushchevites . That was a principled fight based on the principles of Marxism -Leninism , on contradictions on the world stage , on practical questions of the world proletariat ’ s struggle against capital and imperialism , on the question of political struggle for establishing political power of the exploited .
With contradictions , debates , deviations and struggles against deviations , changes in the manifesto of the party and in definitions related to classes opposed and allied , the journey is moving forward . The CPC has always emerged victorious adopting correct line . There ’ re differences of opinions among experts on the CPC and the revolution in China , on its present character . With a lot of issues for investigation pending in the areas of economy , politics , ideological struggle and class struggle , it will not be scientific to brand the CPC , at this stage of enquiry , as “ capitulationist ”, “ capitalist roader ”, “ part of imperialist
November - 2021 system ”, “ surrendering class struggle ”, “ imperialism ”, and similar other brandings . Despite many unique developments within the CPC over the last few years , it can be summarized : With class conflicts , with inequalities , the advancements the people in China under the leadership of the CPC have made till today in the areas of economy , education , livelihood , science and technology , in getting out of clutches of imperialism and in opposing imperialism , in gaining dignity are unprecedented . These were achieved under the leadership of the CPC . It ’ s significant in the post-Cold War period , the period that was initially characterized by imperialism ’ s thumping and clawing , including invading , occupying , destroying of many countries , of all the peoples in all lands as an imperialist world order was reigning for a number of years without facing any meaningful obstruction and opposition . Still today , the CPC is standing opposed to the imperialist camp providing a space to many countries and people oppressed / threatened by imperialism . The revolution in China , writes Jack Belden , “ has so changed the coorelation of forces in the Orient that the whole history of the world is likely to be altered .” The observation Belden made long ago now appears factual as the revolution under the leadership of the CPC is still struggling with realities of contradiction charged with powers of different classes in China , and with the existing imperialist world order .
Communist Movement in the Subcontinent
At the same time , the CPI ’ s journey began with a correlation of class forces in the subcontinent – a vast multitude of poor peasantry , a young industrial proletariat , a big chunk of middle class versus imperialism and its lackeys in rural and urban economic and political scenes . Blazoned with heroic struggles of the working people in parts of the subcontinent , with immense possibilities of making advances in political struggle , the party had to encounter appeasements , capitulations , deviations , experiences , often with failures to properly summarize , and endure through immortal sacrifices by industrial workers , peasants and party activists and leaders thousands in number .
Increased expropriation and indebtedness of the cultivators , peasantry ’ s increasing land-hunger , stagnation , deterioration and unbalanced agriculture situation including low yield and waste of labor , extension of landlordism , and rapid growth of agricultural proletariat characterized the rural / agricultural scene in the colonized south Asian land . The indebtedness led to creation of landless proletariat . The scene – inefficient , disorganized , parasitic and exploitative – was a mountain-like obstacle to all sorts of development of the agriculture economy and the broader society . The land experienced peasant unrest , risings and movements in increasing number and velocity – unparallel in the sub-continent . The peasants were increasingly joining national political struggle .
The years 1918-21 witnessed a great strike movement by the industrial proletariat in the subcontinent . Their wage and living condition , and appropriation of surplus value were inhuman .
With this background on this colonized land , the CPI emerged and operated . The CPI , following the Chauri Chaura incident and the verdict of condemned to death of 172 poor , majority of them poor cultivators , called for a general strike demanding release of the condemned . It was a call for political struggle in 1923 – significant , no doubt . In the article “ On trade unionism ” on November 1922 , M N Roy called for “ revolutionary mass action involving the pauperised peasantry , as well as city and rural wage-earners , who must be organized by those who want to see free India enter a period of social progress .” Although , as “ the task before the Trade Union Congress ”, it called for revolution , not reform , it said : “ The Indian National Congress […] must lead the struggle under the banner […] of revolutionary nationalism .” The leadership was voluntarily offered to the Congress !
Through debates on name of political party , political strategy and
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