certain changes following on the changes in class relations .
Inasmuch as class contradictions and class struggle still exist , it is necessary , according to the socialist objective and principles , to continue carrying out the policy of unity coupled with struggle inside the people ’ s democratic united front ; struggle for the sake of unity , for strengthening socialist solidarity . On the other hand , since changes have occurred in the class relations in the forms in which class contradictions and class struggle are expressed , the situation henceforth will be more favourable for using persuasion as the principal method in dealing with class contradictions and class struggle . This method of persuasion referred to here is the method of reasoning , of emulation , of criticism , selfcriticism and encouragement coupled with criticism .
Since education through persuasion is the principal method in dealing with class contradictions and the class struggle , educating and studying thus become the central task of united front work . Education and study should be carried out mainly in two ways : learning from actual practice in work and vocational pursuits on the one hand , and from political and theoretical studies on the other hand . In coordination and in combination with learning in these two ways , arrangements must be made for adequate participation in social life through observation and personal experience .
So far as the intellectuals are concerned , the purpose of education and study is to help them to continue self-reform , so they can gradually adapt their ideology to their changed , and changing , social status . So far as the elements of the bourgeoisie are concerned , the purpose is to prepare them ideologically for the final transformation of the capitalist system of ownership and to 14 gradually turn themselves into working people in the true sense of the word .
The capitalists and their representatives belong to the national bourgeoisie . Unlike the bureaucrat-capitalists , they have definite abilities and experience in operation and management , in technology and skill of production . Having passed through the education of the past few years , the capitalists and their representatives have in general become much more politically conscious , and there have emerged an increasingly large number of people who actively accept socialist transformation and also a progressive core of considerable number of people . The number of these active elements has tended to increase with the coming of the high tide of socialist transformation , and the core of the progressive elements is also expanding .
This means that the overwhelming majority of representatives of private interests have become an active factor in our country . After a necessary process of further education and reformation , they will become an important active factor playing a role in the cause of socialism in China . This provides the political foundation and favourable conditions in the establishment and development of relations of cooperation with the representatives of private interests in the enterprises .
But , to consolidate this cooperation , we must frankly point out another facet of the matter . The capitalists and their representatives had for a long time directly exploited and oppressed the workers and thereby left a legacy of class enmity among the mass of workers . Also , after the liberation , not a few of them once again staged an unscrupulous offensive against the working class with their “ five evils ” ( bribing government workers , tax evasion , theft of state property , cheating on government contracts and stealing economic information for private speculation — Hsinhua ). It is well known that because of these unscrupulous attacks , the working class , under the leadership of the Communist Party and the people ’ s government , carried out the historic struggle of Wu Fan ( the movement against the five evils-Hsinhua ), which educated not only the mass of workers and government functionaries , but also the bourgeoisie was enabled to get a profound understanding of the danger of their “ five evils ” to the motherland and the people and of the necessity of accepting the leadership of the working class and embarking on the road of socialism .
It is precisely for this reason that it has become possible to adopt a more moderate form of socialist transformation today . Of course , after the Wu Fan movement , and even for a period after the enterprises became jointly-operated , most of the capitalists and their representatives , have , in the management of the enterprises , not yet completely changed over from their capitalist traditions and habits of thinking and action . This inevitably introduces some negative factors into the enterprises which are disadvantageous to socialism . The foregoing facts are the difficulties and unfavourable conditions in the way of our establishing and developing relations of co-operation .
Democratic parties , people ’ s organisations , democratic personages in various circles and the Chinese People ’ s Political Consultative Conference have played their due role in the struggle to consolidate and expand the people ’ s democratic united front and are expected to play a bigger role in the future . I just want to express a few opinions on the work in regard to the democratic parties . Years of experience show that
Class Struggle