The congress pointed out that a new period had begun for the trade-union movement , which was moving forward again . The convocation of the National Assembly in China was at that time a distinct possibility . Hence the working class must take an active part in the movement and set up powerful popular organizations of its own so as to secure for itself a leading position in the national democratic movement . In the warlord-controlled areas , these organizations should take the form of trade-union groups to be set up in each factory or workshop with more than three workers ; these groups should be combined into branches according to the different departments of work in each factory ; over these branches should be factory trade unions , to be amalgamated into regional trade unions . The organizational work should first of all be carried out in such industries as railways , mines , and textiles and in such industrial and commercial cities as Shanghai , Hankow and Tientsin .
The congress further pointed out that the peasantry was the basic force in China ’ s national democratic revolution and the chief ally of the working class . The Communist Party must therefore do everything possible to organize the peasants to wage political and economic struggles . Accordingly it was decided to set up peasant associations and peasant selfdefence detachments to fight the landlord regime and its armed forces . The experiences of the peasant movement in the southern provinces were to be fully utilized and popularized , in order to expand the peasant movement throughout the country .
The congress criticized the mistakes of “ Left ” and Right opportunism in the work of the united front during the past year . It pointed out the emergence of the Left , Middle and Right sections 14 within the Kuomintang since its reorganization , and adopted the policy of expanding the ranks of the Left , criticizing the Middle and opposing the Right .
The achievement of the Fourth National Congress of the Party was mainly that it prepared organizationally for a new wave of mass struggles .
Its shortcoming lay in its failure to put forward an agrarian programme .
During his Peking coup d ’ etat , Feng Yu-hsiang was inclined to the revolution and invited Dr . Sun Yatsen to come to the North , with a view to bolstering up his own position . Tuan Chi-jui and Chang Tso-lin , both bidding for popularity , made the same offer to Dr . Sun , on the pretence of inviting him to a consultation about national affairs . With the Communist Party ’ s firm support , Sun Yat-sen left Kwangtung for Peking in October 1924 , and issued his “ Manifesto Concerning My Trip to the North ,” in which he called for the abrogation of the unequal treaties and the convocation of the National Assembly . When he arrived in Peking , however , he found Tuan Chi-jui was not at all interested in the convocation of the National Assembly . As a matter of fact , Tuan was trying to oppose it by convening the “ Conference on National Rehabilitation .” In order to counter Tuan ’ s plan , in March 1925 Sun Yat-sen and Li Ta-chao called the National Congress of the Associations for the Promotion of the National Assembly . The congress had great effect in exposing the character of the Conference on National Rehabilitation , disseminating revolutionary ideas and stirring the masses to political activity .
On March 12 , 1925 Dr . Sun Yat-sen died after a relapse resulting from overwork and fatigue incurred during his trip north . On his death-bed he wrote to the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , expressing his eager hope for the friendly co-operation between the two great nations , China and the Soviet Union . In the name of Stalin , the Central Executive Committee of the CPSU telegraphed its condolences on his death . The telegram pointed out that the great achievement of Dr . Sun Yat-sen would live in the memory of the Chinese workers and peasants for ever and encourage the democratic section of the Kuomintang to hold aloft the banner of Sun Yat-sen until complete victory in the democratic revolution was achieved .
The mourning of the whole nation over the sudden death of this democratic revolutionary and great friend of the Communist Party occasioned an extensive movement of political propaganda . Owing to the co-operation of the Communist Party and the Kuomintang and the joint effort of the revolutionary members of both parties , the Three Principles of the People , based on the three cardinal anti-imperialist and anti-feudal policies , became quickly known throughout the country . �
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Peace Policy .... |
franchise were held in various parts |
levels , the Chinese Government |
of the country . After the elections |
adopted the provisional measure of |
at |
the |
basic |
level |
were |
convoking |
local |
people ’ s |
accomplished , the local people ’ s |
representative conferences at various levels to function , step by step , as local people ’ s congresses and to elect the local people ’ s governments at various levels . In |
congresses at various levels were convoked at which deputies to the congresses at and above the county level were elected . Deputies to the National People ’ s Congress |
1953 , elections based on universal |
were elected on this basis . |
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Class Struggle