Footnotes
1
Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center . https :// coronavirus . jhu . edu
2
Schwartz , J . “ Air Pollution and Children ’ s Health .” Pediatrics . April 2004 , 113 ( Supplement 3 ) 1037-1043 ) https :// pediatrics . aappublications . org / content / 113 / Supplement _ 3 / 1037
3
World Health Organization . “ Ambient air pollution : Health impacts .” https :// www . who . int / airpollution / ambient / health-impacts / en /
13
Austin , W ., et al . “ COVID-19 Mortality and Contemporaneous Air Pollution .” Georgia State University Andrew Young School of Policy Studies , International Center for Public Policy Working Paper 20-16 October 2020 . https :// icepp . gsu . edu / files / 2020 / 10 / paper2016 . pdf
14
Golden , S . “ Coronavirus in African Americans and Other People of Color .” Johns Hopkins Medicine . https :// www . hopkinsmedicine . org / health / conditions-and-diseases / coronavirus / covid19-racial-disparities
4
Shin , J ., et al . “ Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and mental health status : A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study .” PLoS One . 2018 ; 13 ( 4 ): e0195607 . https :// doi . org / 10.1371 / journal . pone . 0195607
5
World Health Organization . “ Ambient ( outdoor ) air pollution .” https :// www . who . int / health-topics / air-pollution # tab = tab _ 1
6
Southwest Pennsylvania Environmental Health Project . “ Air Pollution and Respiratory Infections : Reviewing the Science .” 2020 . https :// www . environmentalhealthproject . org / sites / default / files / assets / resources / air-pollution-and-respiratory-infections-reviewingthe-science _ 0 . pdf
7
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Coronavirus Disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ). “ People with Certain Medical Conditions .” Updated November 2 , 2020 . https :// www . cdc . gov / coronavirus / 2019-ncov / need-extra-precautions / people-with-medical-conditions . html
8
Centers for Disease Control , “ Symptoms of Coronavirus .” https :// www . cdc . gov / coronavirus / 2019-ncov / symptoms-testing / symptoms . html
9
Columbia University Irving Medical Center , “ Even Mild Cases Can Cause “ COVID-19 Fog .” September 21 , 2020 . https :// www . cuimc . columbia . edu / news / even-mild-cases-can-cause-covid-19-fog .
10
Frontera , A . et al . “ Severe air pollution links to higher mortality in COVID-19 patients : The “ double hit ” hypothesis .” Journal of Infection . Volume 81 , Issue 2 , August 2020 , Pages 255-259 . https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . jinf . 2020.05.031
11
Zhu , Y ., et al . “ Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection : Evidence from China .” Science of The Total Environment . Volume 727 , July 20 , 2020 , 138704 . https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . scitotenv . 2020.138704
12
Wu , X ., et al . “ Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States : A nationwide cross-sectional study .” Harvard T . H . Chan School of Public Health . April 27 , 2020 . https :// doi . org / 10.1101 / 2020.04.05.20054502
15
Grinshpun , M . “ COVID-19 Teaches Us Lessons About Air Pollution , Environmental Justice , and Climate Change .” Boston University Institute for Sustainable Energy . http :// www . bu . edu / ise / 2020 / 05 / 19 / covid-19-teaches-us-lessonsabout-air-pollution-environmental-justice-and-climate-change /
16
McKenzie LM , Allshouse WB , Burke T , Blair BD , Adgate JL . “ Population Size , Growth , and Environmental Justice Near Oil and Gas Wells in Colorado .” Environmental Science & Technology . 2016 ; 50 ( 21 ): 11471-11480 . PMID 27689723 . https :// pubs . acs . org / doi / 10.1021 / acs . est . 6b04391
17
Czolowski ED , Santoro RL , Srebotnjak T , Shonkoff SB . Toward Consistent Methodology to Quantify Populations in Proximity to Oil and Gas Development : A National Spatial Analysis and Review . Environ Health Perspect . 2017 ; 125 ( 8 ): 086004 . PMID 28858829 https :// doi . org / 10.1289 / EHP1535
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Allshouse , W . B ., et al , “ Community Noise and Air Pollution Exposure During the Development of a Multi-Well Oil and Gas Pad .” Environ Sci Technol 2019 Jun 18 ; 53 ( 12 ): 7126-7135 . https :// pubs . acs . org / doi / 10.1021 / acs . est . 9b00052
19
Helmig , D ., 2020 . Air quality impacts from oil and natural gas development in Colorado . Elem Sci Anth , 8 ( 1 ), p . 4 . DOI : http :// doi . org / 10.1525 / elementa . 398
20
United States Environmental Protection Agency . “ Health Effects of Ozone Pollution .” https :// www . epa . gov / ground-level-ozonepollution / health-effects-ozone-pollution
21
Helmig , D ., 2020 . “ Air quality impacts from oil and natural gas development in Colorado .” Elem Sci Anth , 8 ( 1 ), p . 4 . DOI : http :// doi . org / 10.1525 / elementa . 398
22
McKenzie LM , et al , “ Human health risk assessment of air emissions from development of unconventional natural gas resources ,” Sci Total Environ ( 2012 ), https :// doi . org / 10.1016 / j . scitotenv . 2012.02.018
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McKenzie , LM , et al . “ Ambient Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Levels Along Colorado ’ s Northern Front Range : Acute and Chronic Health Risks .” Environ Sci Technol . 2018 Apr 17 ; 52 ( 8 ): 4514-4525 . doi : 10.1021 / acs . est . 7b05983 . Epub 2018 Apr 9 .
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