Chemical Methods of Radon Remediation Vered Wolpaw, BS and Chrysan Cronin, DrPH, MPH, MS
Radon is a known carcinogen that is present in most homes in the United States. Geographic location has shown to be closely related to the varying levels of radon concentrations across the country. The United States Environmental Protection Agency recommends intervention in homes with more than 4 picocuries per liter( pCi / L); however, there is still no established safe level of radon. For this reason, remediation is also recommended for levels between 2 and 4 pCi / L.
The simplest methods of lowering radon levels are mechanical, and ventilation is a crucial factor in managing high radon levels. However, when the push for energy-efficient homes began in the 1970s, ventilation within homes was reduced from 10 to 30 % as a way to keep heating and cooling within the home, and reduce the overall energy usage. In order to achieve this energy efficiency, modern homes are sealed much more tightly, consequently increasing radon levels. These changes have put many people at greater risk of exposure.
Exhaust systems have been the primary mechanism for reducing radon levels within homes, where ducts placed within the soil allow radon to be led outside before entering homes. Pipes connected to the ducts lead the gas through the basement and directly outside, and fans within these systems assist in this removal. In practice, however, only some radon can be prevented from entering homes and the rest of the gas is able to enter the lungs of the home’ s inhabitants. Increased ventilation is crucial to removing radon once it is within homes. Bringing radon-free air in to replace the radon-contaminated air inside the homes is an integral component in this process even though it is rather energy inefficient.