CORE MAGAZINE September 2017 | Page 7

BlockChain News between blocks differs from the expected time by 7%, a worrying figure that is in- tensified by the coin-hopping attack. The paper reads: If you want to understand how this new difficulty adjustment algorithm can work, make sure to read the “Revisiting Difficul- ty Control for Blockchain Systems” paper. More information about the Ergo Platform “In this paper we also consider a new type can be found here. of miner behavior with regards to difficul- ty adjustment which provides an unfair Dmitry Meshkov will present this work advantage to the miner, and also makes during a blockchain workshop associated inter-block delays worse. We call the dis- with ESORICS’2017: http://www.deic.uab. covered strategy the coin-hopping attack.” cat/~jherrera/CBT/. In this attack, miners switch from one coin to another in the beginning of an epoch (difficulty retargeting event), switching back to the first one in the beginning of the next epoch when difficulty becomes lower. This means that the miner leaves coin1 to ensure that mining difficulty is reduced by the lack of his presence and goes on to mine another coin2, returning to coin1 once the difficulty re-targeting period has made mining easier again. This means that until the next epoch, the network will not adjust to the presence of the miner. The paper adds: “Remarkably, under such an attack the mean time between blocks in both chains will be bigger than the planned time.” In order to fix these issues, an Improved Difficulty Adjustment is proposed: An al- gorithm that is both resistant to the afore- mentioned attack (and others that may be based on difficulty manipulation) and that allows for an almost constant desired block rate under real-life circumstances. 4