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Defending the Constitution
[Amendment V.]
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual
service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject,
for the same offense, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall
be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor
be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;
nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
[Amendment VI.]
In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy
and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the
crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of
the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the
Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
[Amendment VII.]
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact
tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United
States, than according to the rules of the common law.
[Amendment VIII.]
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor
cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
[Amendment IX.]
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.