The Clash of Values
407
The Progress of Ratification
Vote on Ratification
Order of Ratification
1. Delaware
2. Pennsylvania
3. New Jersey
4. Georgia
5. Connecticut
6. Massachusetts
7. Maryland
8. South Carolina
9. New Hampshire
Date of Ratification
Dec. 7, 1787
Dec. 12
Dec. 18
Jan. 2, 1788
Jan. 9
Feb. 7
Apr. 28
May 23
June 21
For
Against
Unanimous
46
Unanimous
Unanimous
128
187
63
149
57
40
168
11
73
46
23
Total Vote of 9 States
10. Virginia
11. New York
June 26
July 26
725
89
30
361
79
27
Total Vote of 11 States
12. North Carolina
13. Rhode Island
Nov. 21, 1789
May 29, 1790
844
195
34
467
77
32
1073
576
Total Vote
Source: Winton U. Solberg, The Federal Convention and the Formation of the Union, p. 375
rights and powers of the States than about the rights of the people. Massachusetts proposed nine amendments, but only the sixth and seventh—
referring, respectively, to indictment by grand jury and jury trials in civil
disputes—dealt with individual liberty as such. The rest called for amendments declaring that: (1) all powers not expressly delegated were reserved
to the States; (2) there shall be one representative for every thirty thousand
persons until there are two hundred representatives; (3) Congress shall
not exercise its ‘‘times, manner, and place’’ powers unless a State neglects
or refuses to act or subverts the right of the people to free and equal representation; (4) Congress may not impose direct taxes unless there is insufficient money arising from imposts and excise taxes, and certain other
conditions are met; (5) Congress may not create monopolies giving certain merchants an exclusive advantage; (6) The Supreme Court shall