Checks upon the Judiciary
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The President is given power to veto acts passed by the Congress (Article I, Section 7).
The Supreme Court has power to review enactments of the Congress
for unconstitutionality (an unspecified power derived from Article III).
Checks upon the President
Congress has power to impeach and remove the President for high
crimes and misdemeanors (Article II, Section 4).
Congress may override a presidential veto by a two-thirds majority
(Article I, section 7).
Congress can assure civilian control of the military through its power to
appropriate—or withhold—funds to support military and naval forces,
to make regulations for those forces, to call forth the militia of the States,
to suppress insurrections and to repel invasions, and to declare war (Article I, Section 8).
Congress has an inherent power to investigate actions of the executive
branch concerning proper execution of the laws and proper expenditure
of funds (Article I, Section 8).
Congress is empowered to appropriate the funds for operation of the
executive branch (Article I, Section 8).
The Senate has power to approve, amend, or reject treaties. It may also
attach reservations to the treaty, which may not alter the content but may
qualify or limit the obligations assumed by the United States under the
agreement (Article II, Section 2).
The Senate has power to confirm or reject presidential appointments
to major posts (Article II, Section 2).
The Judiciary has power to review actions of the executive branch for
their constitutionality (an unspecified power derived from Article III).
Checks upon the Judiciary
Congress has power to impeach and remove Federal judges for adequate
cause (Article I, Section 3; Article II, Section 4; Article III, Section 1).
Congress has power to appropriate funds for operation of the judicial
branch (Article I, Section 8).