Controversial Books | Page 165

The First State Constitutions, 1776–1783 143 John Adams (1735–1826). Portrait by John Trumbull, 1793. (National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.) Bolingbroke’s much neglected repudiation of Machiavelli’s The Prince— in defense of political morality and limited constitutional government. Adams seems to have read every important work on government. His mastery of the great political classics was unequaled in the American colonies. At a meeting in Philadelphia in the fall of 1775, Adams was persuaded