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Secretary of State Colin Powell , but , ultimately , the Azerbaijani side refused to sign the land swap again on the groundsof protecting their territorial integrity . 33
The Prague Process began in 2004 , with a series of bilateral meetings being held between Armenia and Azerbaijan . As it was already clear Robert Kocharyan was inclined toward the package approach . However , Azerbaijan was not in favor of this deal . Ilham Aliyev pushed ahead with the phased solution . 34 The negotiations continued in 2005- 2006 in this mutually contradictory environment . Hence , in 2007 , the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chairs presented a refined version of the principles discussed in the phased and package approaches known as the Hybrid approach . 35 This led to the six guidelines known as Madrid Principles , which are the basis of the negotiations to the present day . These mostly known principles demand the return of the NK surrounding territories , interim status for the NK with the security guarantees , a corridor linking it with Armenia , future determination of final legal status , the right of IDPs and refugees to return to their former places of residence and peacekeeping operations . 36
The document in Madrid was signed as Kocharyan ’ s second presidential term was coming to an end and Serzh Sargsyan succeeded him . Since 2008 , there have been many joint statements by the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chairs urging the sides “ to resolve the few differences remaining between them and finalize their agreement ” on the Madrid Basic Principles . 37 After the lack of results , the Co-Chairs decided to hold a summit in Kazan in June 2011 to persuade Sargsyan and Aliyev to sign the agreement on the Basic Principles and finally resolve the conflict . But the Kazan process also failed . US Co-chair Robert Bradtke described this summit as the most likely that the parties should have reached a final agreement after the Key West summit . 38
33 Ibid . 34 Zourabian , The Nagorno-Karabakh Settlement Revised . 35 Laurence Broers , Armenia and Azerbaijan : Anatomy of a Rivalry ( Edinburgh :
Edinburgh University Press , 2019 ). 36 “ Statement on Nagorno-Karabakh : Madrid ,” OSCE Minsk Group , last modified November 29 , 2007 , https :// www . osce . org / mg / 49237 . 37 “ Statement by the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chair countries : L ’ Aquila ,” OSCE Minsk Group , last modified July 10 , 2009 , https :// www . osce . org / mg / 51152 . 38 “ Armenia , Azerbaijan Fail To Finalize Karabakh Agreement ,” RFE / RL , last modified
June 24 , 2011 , https :// www . rferl . org / a / armenia _ azerbaijan _ fail _ finalize _ karabakh _ agreement / 24245909 . html .
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