Lowest Cost Energy: Clean Under-U4lized Methane
3: Methane Hydrate extrac4on, CBM/CSG
• ■ Under-U'lized Methane ●1 Methane Hydrate-Clathrate/Gas Hydrate:
• Currently officially applied or tested main methods are Thermal injec7on(hot
water/steam), Depressuriza7on, & CO2 replacement methods etc.
• Temporal wells: Ignik Sikumi(US), Mallik(Canada), Atsumi Peninsula 400m off
Coast (Japan), Permanent types;(Mount Elbert)(US), all negligible produc7on
volume (0.01million m3/day range): Some of known par7cipators:
ConocoPhillips, BP, Vnnigaz Gazprom «Газпром ВНИИГАЗ», Oil and Natural
Gas Corpora'on of India, GNS Science, German gas hydrate ini'a've,
JMH, JAPEX
,
,
, 가스하이드레이트 사업단 Gas Hydrate R&D Organiza'on. Also smaller
private operators par7cipa7on: Hydrate Resources Corpora'on+
• ●2 Coalbed Methane(CBM)/Coal Seam Gas(CSG): Started as coal mine de-
gasifica7on program for safety in 1980s in US. Natural gas contained in highly
porous coal molecule structure & seams in rela7on to bacterial
ac7on/genera7on(speed of CH4 produc7on seem to widely vary by condi7ons),
also fair volume of Methane would be addi7onally produced by injec7ng CO2
into the coal bed which bacteria reduces (removing oxygen) to Methane for
future yield(Golding-Rudolph-Esterle+): (see Abio7c oil p381-386)
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linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm -Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver, Canada