Class 12 Physics, Chapter 7 Alternating current Class 12 Physics, Chapter 7 Alternating current | Page 11

Same amount of current will flow in all the three circuit components and vector sum of potential drop across each component would be equal to the applied voltage
If i be the amount of current in the circuit at any time and V L , V C and V R the potential drop across L , C and R respectively then
V R = iR ⇒ Voltage is in phase with i V L = iωL ⇒ Voltage is leading i by 90 0 V C = i / ωC ⇒ Voltage is lagging behind i by 90 0
Since V L is ahead of i by 90 and V C is behind by 90 so that phase difference between V L and V C is 180 and they are in direct opposition to each other as shown in the figure 12 ( b )