Civil Insight: A Technical Magazine Volume 3

Dongol N. et al. Civil Insight (2019) 37-44 Table 2. Embedment Factor (Continued) Embedment Factor β Description β for Rocking about Y-axis, β yy ݀ ଴Ǥ଺ ݀ ଵǤଽ ݀ ି଴Ǥ଺ ቈͳ ൅ ͳǤͶ ൬ ൰ ቉ ቈͳǤͷ ൅ ͵Ǥ͹ ൬ ൰ ൬ ൰ ቉ ‫ܮ‬ ‫ܮ‬ ‫ܦ‬ ‫ܤ‬ ݀ ଴Ǥଽ ͳ ൅ ʹǤ͸ ቈ൬ͳ ൅ ൰ ൬ ൰ ቉ ‫ܮ‬ ‫ܤ‬ β for Torsion about Z-axis, β zz Table 3. Surface Stiffness (FEMA-356, 2002) Surface Stiffness K sur Description K sur for Translation along X-axis, K x,sur ‫ܮ‬ ଴Ǥ଺ହ ‫ܤܩ‬ ቈ͵ǤͶ ൬ ൰ ൅ ͳǤʹ቉ ‫ܤ‬ ሺʹ െ ߥሻ K sur for Translation along Y-axis, K y,sur ‫ܮ‬ ଴Ǥ଺ହ ‫ܮ‬ ‫ܤܩ‬ ቈ͵ǤͶ ൬ ൰ ൅ ͲǤͶ ൅ ͳǤʹ቉ ‫ܤ‬ ‫ܤ‬ ሺʹ െ ߥሻ K sur for Translation along Z-axis, K z,sur ‫ܮ‬ ଴Ǥ଻ହ ‫ܤܩ‬ ቈͳǤͷͷ ൬ ൰ ൅ ͲǤͺ቉ ሺͳ െ ߥሻ ‫ܤ‬ K sur for Rocking about X-axis, K rx,sur ‫ܮ‬ ଵ ‫ܤܩ‬ ଷ ቈͲǤͶ ൬ ൰ ൅ ͲǤͳ቉ ‫ܤ‬ ሺͳ െ ߥሻ K sur for Rocking about Y-axis, K ry,sur ‫ܮ‬ ଶǤସ ‫ܤܩ‬ ଷ ቈͲǤͶ͹ ൬ ൰ ൅ ͲǤͲ͵Ͷ቉ ‫ܤ‬ ሺͳ െ ߥሻ K sur for Torsion about Z-axis, K rz,sur ‫ܮ‬ ଶǤସହ ‫͵ܤܩ‬ ቈͲǤͷ͵ ൬ ൰ ൅ ͲǤͷͳ቉ ‫ܤ‬ where ‫ܩ‬ = Shear modulus, ߥ = Poisson’s ratio for the elastic half space, d = Height of effective side wall contact, h = Depth to centroid of effective side wall contact, B and L = Half-width and half-length of a rectangular foundation. Table 4. Soil properties at the building site (Kiku et al., 2001) Depth (m) N-value ߥ s (m/s) ߥ p (m/s) G (MPa) E (MPa) 3 80 245.54 613.85 126.39 355.09 6 72 238.10 595.25 109.67 308.12 9 67 233.15 582.87 105.38 296.08 12 13 144.44 361.10 36.03 101.22 >15 21 166.15 415.38 47.62 133.78 where N-value = Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow counts, ߥ s = shear wave or s-wave velocity, ߥ p = compression wave or p-wave velocity, G = shear modulus, E = Young’s or elastic modulus. 40

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