order to avoid traffic congestion. The Electronic Rearview Mirrors are electrically adjustable and
extract a clearer view. Additionally, these are also equipped with auto dimming technology to
reduce glare.
Mainly this type is autonomous train is powered by lithium-titanate batteries, though Hydrogen
is expected to be a primary source powering trains by 2030 Hydrogen for locomotive power is
expected to be driven by nuclear, wind, solar, and hydro-electric resources, as well as other
evolving ways of generating hydrogen. Hydrogen is expected to provide ecological and
renewable non-carbon energy sources to power rail and transit lines electrically, and would thus
reduce energy cost and help lower pollution. Hydrogen fuel cells can find potential application
in hybrid rail vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cells are expected to replace diesel engines and generators
used in current diesel-electric trains, by using energy generated by the fuel cells, which is stored
in batteries and is constantly recharged as the engine moves.
Driverless passenger trains, which includes the automated systems, are in operation in
Copenhagen, Paris, Singapore, and Dubai. Automated systems enhance the running time of
trains and escalate the average speed of the system.
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The Dubai Metro is the longest driverless metro network in the world, covering 75 km. The
Copenhagen Metro was the first to feature a fully automated system, including depot operation
and launching, which operates 24 hours a day.
Sao Paulo’s Metro Line 4 is South America’s only fully automated, driverless subway line. It
carries around 700,000 passengers a day on an 8-km stretch.
The world's first driverless autonomous rail rapid transit (ART) system, equipped with sensors
for the measurement of road dimension and also helps to create its particular route, under a
test run in the city of Zhuzhou in central China's Hunan Province. It was revealed in Zhuzhou in
Hunan province on June 2, 2017 and is expected to be operational in 2018.
The product has been described as a combination of a train, bus, and tram. An ART train with
three carriages is around 30 meters long and costs about US$ 2.2 million to construct. It can
travel at a speed of 70 km/h and provides space for maximum 300 passengers and a five-carriage
train can carry an estimated 500 passengers.