China Policy Journal Volume 1, Number 1, Fall 2018 | Page 61

China Policy Journal
支付原则作为更好生态服务的补偿标准 , 可能会将上游城市所造成的污染与该城市自身活动产生的污染混为一谈。因此 , 这往往会夸大所需的赔偿金 ; 对于西江流域来说 , 这种夸张程度可达 2 至 10 倍。笔者还将其结果与新安江 PES 试点项目的结果进行了对比 , 该项目的转移金额随意定为每年 5 亿元 , 这大约是佛山市向中山市支付赔偿金的 86% 。人们普遍认为 , 目前在现有试点项目中使用的资金转移相对较少 , 可能会抑制沿江城市想要努力促进生态服务保护的动机。笔者的结果为这一看法提供了有力论证。
关键词 : 生态服务付费 , 支付标准 , 跨界河流污染 , 支付意愿原则 (WTP), 中国
1. Introduction
River flows create upstream and
downstream regions. However,
administrative boundaries between
regions do not prevent pollution
in the water from crossing regional borders.
Such difficulties in clearly defining
the property rights of the river water
flowing through different administration
jurisdictions because of the weak
excludability and strong rivalry of the
water resources (in both terms of quality
and quantity) can lead to the non-satisfaction
of the basic Samuelson rules
(1954). Therefore, an upstream region
that is not able to enjoy the full benefits
of its water conservation and pollution
control efforts may exert insufficient
control, which results in the overuse of
water resources and the increased discharge
of pollution.
Most large-scale river basins in
China (e.g., the Yangtze River, Yellow
River, and Xining River) span several
regional jurisdictions (provinces, regions
and cities). Although environmental
policy is often centrally developed
and local jurisdictions can only
set their own environmental standards
to more stringent levels than those
of the national level, implementation
responsibilities are devolved to the
branch offices of the Ministry of Environment
Protection (MEP), which operate
at the provincial, municipal and
county levels (Hills and Roberts 2001).
Combining these two facts, we believe
that there is the possibility of a problem
of transboundary river water pollution
for China’s rivers.
Further supportive arguments
for such a possibility can be made by
considering the complexities and fragmentation
in water resource management
between the different authorities
in China. Yu (2011) has described the
complex relationships between the
Ministry of Water Resource Management
(MWRM), which addresses water
quantity and water utilization, and
the MEP, which coordinates and solves
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