Hydrocarbons are composed of Carbon and hydrogen.
The important fuels like Petrol, kerosene, coal gas, CNG, LPG etc. are all hydrocarbons or their mixture.
Sources:
Petroleum and natural gas are the major sources of aliphatic hydrocarbon while coal is an important source of aromatic hydrocarbons. The oil trapped inside the rocks is known as petroleum. PETRA – ROCK, OLEUM – OIL. The oil in the petroleum field is covered with a gaseous mixture known as natural gas. The main constituents of the natural gas are methane, ethane, propane and butane.
Classification of hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon
Acyclic or Aliphatic( Open chain)
Carbocyclic or Cyclic
Alkanes |
AlkenesAlkyne |
Alicyclic |
Aromatic |
Alkanes:-
Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Cycloalkynes
Paraffins General formula CnH2n + 2 sp 3 hybridisation C – C bond length 1.15 4 A 0 Chemically unreactive Show chain, position and optical isomerism.