Hydrocarbons are composed of Carbon and hydrogen .
The important fuels like Petrol , kerosene , coal gas , CNG , LPG etc . are all hydrocarbons or their mixture .
Sources :
Petroleum and natural gas are the major sources of aliphatic hydrocarbon while coal is an important source of aromatic hydrocarbons . The oil trapped inside the rocks is known as petroleum . PETRA – ROCK , OLEUM – OIL . The oil in the petroleum field is covered with a gaseous mixture known as natural gas . The main constituents of the natural gas are methane , ethane , propane and butane .
Classification of hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon
Acyclic or Aliphatic ( Open chain )
Carbocyclic or Cyclic
Alkanes |
AlkenesAlkyne |
Alicyclic |
Aromatic |
Alkanes : -
Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Cycloalkynes
Paraffins General formula CnH2n + 2 sp 3 hybridisation C – C bond length 1.15 4 A 0 Chemically unreactive Show chain , position and optical isomerism .