layer is separated . the process is repeated several times and pure organic compound is separated .
Chromatography : This technique is used to separate mixtures in to their components , purify the compounds and test the purity of compounds . It is classified as
Adsorption Chromatography : It is based on the fact that different compounds are adsorbed on an adsorbent to different degrees . Silica jel or alumina is used as adsorbents .
Partition Chromatography : It is based on the continuous differential portioning of components of a mixture between stationary and mobile phase .
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Detection of Carbon and Hydrogen : The Carbon and Hydrogen present in the Organic compound is detected by heating the compound with Copper II oxide in a hard glass tube when carbon present in the compound is oxidized to CO2 which can be tested with lime Water and Hydrogenis converted to water which can be tested with anhydrous copper sulphate which turns blue .
DETECTION OF OTHER ELEMENTS
Sodium Fusion Extract : A small piece of dry Sodium metal is heated with a organic compound in a fusion tube for 2 -3 minutes and the red hot tube is plunged in to distilled water contained in a china dish . The contained of the china dish is boiled , cooled and filtered . The filtrate is known as Sodium fusion extract .
Test for Nitrogen : The sodium fusion extract is boiled with iron II sulphate and then acidified with Concsulphuric acid , the formation of Prussian blue colour confirms the presence of nitrogen .
6CN - + Fe 2 + [ Fe ( CN ) 6 ] 4- 3 [ Fe ( CN ) 6 ]
4- 3 + xH O
+ 4Fe
2
Fe 4 [ Fe ( CN ) 6 ] 3 . xH 2 O