Chemistry: Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition, structure and properties of matter. Chemistry is called the science of atoms and molecule
Branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry-This branch deals with study of carbon compounds especially hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Inorganic Chemistry-This branch deals with the study of compounds of all other elements except carbon. It largely concerns itself with the study of minerals found in the Earth ' s crust. Physical Chemistry-The explanation of fundamental principles governing various chemical phenomena is the main concern of this branch. It is basically concerned with laws and theories of the different branches of chemistry.
Industrial Chemistry-The chemistry involved in industrial processes is studied under this branch. Analytical Chemistry-This branch deals with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of various substances. Biochemistry-This branch deals with the chemical changes going on in the bodies of living organisms; plants and animals. Nuclear Chemistry-Nuclear reactions, such as nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, transmutation processes etc. are studied under this branch.
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR MEASUREMENT— Every substance has unique or characteristic properties. These properties can be classified into two categories –
physical properties and chemical properties.
Physical properties are those properties which can be measured or observed without changing the identity or the composition of the substance. E. g. colour, odour, melting point, boiling point, density etc. The measurement or observation of chemical properties requires a chemical change to occur. e. g. Burning of Mg-ribbon in air
Chemical properties are characteristic reactions of different substances; these include acidity or basicity, combustibility etc. Many properties of matter such as length, area, volume, etc., are quantitative in nature. Metric System was based on the decimal system.