Electrolysis
o The interionic forces of attraction are not strong at a low concentration. o The slope for Λm vs c 1 / 2 is not linear even at a lower concentrations.
o These electrolytes have lower degree of dissociation at higher concentrations.
o The value of Λm changes with dilution due to increase in the degree of dissociation.
o Ëm increases sharply on dilution exclusively at lower concentrations.
o At infinite dilution when concentration approaches to zero, the electrolyte dissociates completely. But at lower concentration the conductivity of a solution is low to an extent that cannot be even measured.
Electrolysis
Fig. Electrolysis
o Two copper strips are dipped in an aqueous solution of copper sulphate( CuSO4).
o A DC voltage is applied to both the electrodes.
o Cu 2 + ions discharge at the cathode
Cu 2 +( aq) + 2e –-- > Cu( s)
o Copper metal is deposited on the cathode and copper is converted into Cu 2 + ions at the anode by the following reaction:
Cu-- > Cu 2 +( aq) + 2e – o
The impure copper is the anode that dissolves on passing current whereas the pure copper gets deposited at the cathode. Metals like Na, Mg, Al, etc. are produced using electrochemical reduction of their respective cations.