Electrolysis
o The interionic forces of attraction are not strong at a low concentration . o The slope for Λm vs c 1 / 2 is not linear even at a lower concentrations .
o These electrolytes have lower degree of dissociation at higher concentrations .
o The value of Λm changes with dilution due to increase in the degree of dissociation .
o Ëm increases sharply on dilution exclusively at lower concentrations .
o At infinite dilution when concentration approaches to zero , the electrolyte dissociates completely . But at lower concentration the conductivity of a solution is low to an extent that cannot be even measured .
Electrolysis
Fig . Electrolysis
o Two copper strips are dipped in an aqueous solution of copper sulphate ( CuSO4 ).
o A DC voltage is applied to both the electrodes .
o Cu 2 + ions discharge at the cathode
Cu 2 + ( aq ) + 2e – -- > Cu ( s )
o Copper metal is deposited on the cathode and copper is converted into Cu 2 + ions at the anode by the following reaction :
Cu -- > Cu 2 + ( aq ) + 2e – o
The impure copper is the anode that dissolves on passing current whereas the pure copper gets deposited at the cathode . Metals like Na , Mg , Al , etc . are produced using electrochemical reduction of their respective cations .