In aldehydes, the carbonyl group() C = O) is bonded to carbon and hydrogen, while in the ketones, it is bonded to two carbon atoms
Nature of Carbonyl Group
The carbon and oxygen of the carbonyl group are Sp 2 hybridised and the carbonyl double bond contains one o-bond and one π-bond.
The electronegativity of oxygen is much higher than that of the carbon, so there electron cloud is shifted towards the oxygen. Therefore, C-O bond is polar in nature.
Nomenclature
( i) Nomenclature of aldehydes In IUPAC system, the suffix“ e” of alkane is replaced by the suffIX“ al”. e. g.,
( ii) Nomenclature of ketones In IUPAC system, the suffix“ e” of alkane is replaced by“ one”. e. g.,