Cone HNO3 gives II; dil HNO3 gives II and III; Bi( NO3) 3 or NaNO3 gives VI; Fenton’ s reagent or NaOBr or Br2 water in Na2CO3 gives a mixture of I and IV. Solid KMnO4 oxidises glycerol to VII and CO2 and H2O.
With HIO4( periodic acid). glycerol gives HCOOH and HCHO.
Ethers
Ethers are the organic compounds in which two alkyl or aryl groups are attached to a divalent oxygen. known as ethereal oxygen. These are represented by the general formula R – O-R” where R may be alkyl or aryl groups. e. g.,
These are the functional isomers of alcohols. These also exhibit chain isomerism and metamerism.
Nomenclature of Ethers
In the IUPAC system, ethers are regarded as‘ alkoxy alkanes’ in which the ethereal oxygen is taken along with smaller alkyl group while the bigger alkyl group is regarded as a part of the alkane.
Preparation of Ethers