Cone HNO3 gives II ; dil HNO3 gives II and III ; Bi ( NO3 ) 3 or NaNO3 gives VI ; Fenton ’ s reagent or NaOBr or Br2 water in Na2CO3 gives a mixture of I and IV . Solid KMnO4 oxidises glycerol to VII and CO2 and H2O .
With HIO4 ( periodic acid ). glycerol gives HCOOH and HCHO .
Ethers
Ethers are the organic compounds in which two alkyl or aryl groups are attached to a divalent oxygen . known as ethereal oxygen . These are represented by the general formula R – O-R ” where R may be alkyl or aryl groups . e . g .,
These are the functional isomers of alcohols . These also exhibit chain isomerism and metamerism .
Nomenclature of Ethers
In the IUPAC system , ethers are regarded as ‘ alkoxy alkanes ’ in which the ethereal oxygen is taken along with smaller alkyl group while the bigger alkyl group is regarded as a part of the alkane .
Preparation of Ethers