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barriers to reporting and strategies to counter these; and the legal obligations of a university. Toolkits are provided for chief executives, investigators and patrol officers. These provide practical guidance, such as how to conduct victim-centred investigations and good practice for those responsible for first response. The evidence gathered by UUK suggests a fairly wide variation in police and university responses. There is a significant issue of underreporting and a tendency for survivors to feel as though the police will not take them seriously. The US toolkit aims to address similar problems and guide campus police forces through the complexities of responding to incidents of sexual assault. Australia In February 2016 Universities Australia announced the launch of the ‘Respect. Now. Always.’ campaign to prevent sexual assault and harassment in Australian universities.96 This sectorwide campaign will focus on raising awareness, providing clear support pathways and encouraging a zero-tolerance stance on sexual assault and harassment. The sector is working to:  seek more comprehensive Australian data on sexual assault and harassment in universities through a national survey  participate in a review and update of policies and procedures at universities to prevent sexual assault and harassment  share global best practice models for reporting incidents and supporting students who disclose sexual assault or harassment Stage 1 of this work has focused around developing promotional materials for the campaign which individual universities can use to demonstrate that they take a zero-tolerance approach to sexual assault and sexual harassment. Stage 2 will be a survey of 60,000 students to understand their experiences and the support they received from their university. Stage 3 of the project will involve analysis of the survey data. This analysis will be used to produce a national report for the sector, as well as individual reports for each institution, benchmarking them to the rest of the sector. Canada In Canada, work towards tackling sexual violence on campus is not as far progressed as in the US, but it has gained more attention in recent years. A number of specific initiatives include:  the development of an online resource for university presidents developed by an Association of Universities and Colleges in Canada taskforce to provide advice on how to use orientation-week activities to talk about sexual violence Available at https://www.universitiesaustralia.edu.au/Media-and-Events/media-releases/Respect--Now-Always--University-sector-launches-new-campaign#.VtBkOE1ybcv 96 78