Gauss ’ s Law
that element .
Volume Charge ρ ( volume charge density )
ΔQ / ΔV , ΔV is a volume element which includes a large number of microscopica lly charged constituents and ΔQ is charge on that element . C / m 3
Electric field due to above volume charge distribution ( for 1 and n volume elements ) will be :
Gauss ’ s Law
According to Gauss ’ s law , the total of the electric flux out of a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed divided by the permittivity . The total electric flux through a closed surface is zero if no charge is enclosed by the surface .
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Gauss ’ s law is true for any closed surface , no matter what its shape or size .
The term q on the right side of Gauss ’ s law includes the sum of all charges enclosed by the surface . The charges may be located anywhere inside the surface .
In the situation when the surface is so chosen that there are some charges inside and some outside , the electric field [ whose flux appears on the left side of Eq . ( 1.31 )] is due to all the charges , both inside and outside S . The term q on the right