Atanasoff-Berry Computer |
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Ada Lovelace
Considered first computer programmer
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John Atanasoff and Cliffor Berry built the ABC at Iowa State which found solutions to systems of linear equations . Considere first fully electronic digital computing device , but was not programmable or fully functional |
UNIVAC I
UNIVersal Automatic Computer I ( UNIVAC I ), designed principally by Eckert and Mauchly , is the first commercially successful computer
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Spacewar !
Spacewar ! is the first computer game , written by Steve Russell ( from MIT ) and his small team for the PDP-1 computer
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Wilhelm Schickard ’ s calculating machine |
Gottfried Leibniz ’ s mechanical calculator |
Hollerith ’ s Census Machines |
Herman Hollerith developed a machine for tabulating US census which used punched cards |
ENIAC
First general purpose , digital electronic computer
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Logic Theorist
The first artificial intelligence program written by Allen Newell , Herbert Simon and J . C . Shaw mimicked the problem solving skills of a human by proving math theorems The term artificial intelligence ( AI ) would be coined in 1956 at the Dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence
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ABACUS
Asian
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Babbage ’ s Engines
Charles Babbage invents ( but never completely builds ) two machines
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Harvard Mark I
Howard Aiken design Mark I , the first operational generalpurpose electro chanical computer . Financed and built at IBM
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John Backus and IBM develop FORTRAN , the first successful high-level programming language and compiler Designed for scientific problems and still widely used today |
Turing Machine |
Transistor |
Integrated Circuit |
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Jacquard Loom
Joseph Jacquard invents loom that is “ programmed ” using punched cards Machines replacing humans gives rise to fears : During the Industrial Revolution , Luddites broke into factories and mill and destroyed as many machines as possible
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Alan Turing , considered the father o computer science , described a theo ritical device called the Turing machine or “ a-machine ”. Formalized the concepts of computation and algorithms |
Bell Labs develops the transistor ( right ), an electronic switch made with a small piece of silicon withadded impurities It ’ s smaller , uses less power , more reliable , and cheaper to produce than vacuum tubes ( left ) |
Integrated circuits ( chips ) independently co-invented by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor Transistors , and other electronic components all fabricated on single chip of silicon |
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Moore ’ s Law |
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Gordon Moore , a cofounder of Intel , predicts that the number of transistors which can be placed on a single chip will double every year . The prediction was later modified to every 2 years , but it has held steady and was dubbed “ Moore ’ s Law ” around 1970 |