Burdge/Overby, Chemistry: Atoms First, 2e FM | Page 8

of matter) or intensive (independent of the amount of matter).

Key Words
viii

PREFACE

Accuracy, 18
Angstrom (Å), 10
Atomic mass unit (amu), 9
Celsius, 10
Chemical change, 7
Chemical process, 7
New Pedagogy
Chemical property, 7
AChemistry, 3
description of each
Conversion factor, 20

Density, 12
Kelvin, 10
Dimensional analysis, 20
Law, 3
Extensive property, 7
Mass, 9
Heterogeneous mixture, 5
Matter, 3
Homogeneous mixture, 5
Mixture, 5
Hypothesis, 3
Physical change, 7
Intensive property, 8
Physical process, 6
International System of
Physical property, 7
Key Equation helps students identify and
Units, 9
Precision, 18

Qualitative, 7
Quantitative, 7
Scientific method, 3
SI unit, 9
Significant figures, 14
Substance, 5
Theory, 3

understand the purpose of each
equation, including how to apply it, and when it is appropriate to do so.

Key Equations
1.1 K = °C + 273.15

Temperature in kelvins is determined by adding 273.15 to the
temperature in Celsius. Often we simply add 273, depending on the
precision with which the Celsius temperature is known.

9°F
1.2 temperature in °F = ____ × (temperature in °C) + 32°F
5°C

Temperature in Celsius is used to determine temperature in Fahrenheit.

m
1.3 d = __
V

Density is the ratio of mass to volume. For liquids and solids, densities
are typically expressed in g/cm3.

All of the end-of-chapter problems outside of the Additional Problems are clearly categorized
and grouped under the heading of Conceptual Problems or Computational Problems.
ChAPTeR 1

24

Chemistry: The Science of Change

Questions and Problems

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SeCTion 1.1: The STUdy of CheMiSTRy

1.13

Review Questions
1.1
1.2
1.3

Define the terms chemistry and matter.
Explain what is meant by the scientific method.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a
theory?

Computational Problems
1.14

Computational Problems
1.4

1.5

Classify each of the following statements as a
hypothesis, law, or theory. (a) Beethoven’s contribution
to music would have been much greater if he had
married. (b) An autumn leaf gravitates toward the ground
because there is an attractive force between the leaf and
Earth. (c) All matter is composed of very small particles.
Classify each of the following statements as a
hypothesis, law, or theory. (a) The force acting on
an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.
(b) The universe as we know it started with a big bang.
(c) There are many civilizations more advanced than
ours on other planets.

1.15

1.16

SeCTion 1.2: ClASSifiCATion of MATTeR
Review Questions
1.6
1.7

Give an example for each of the following terms:
(a) matter, (b) substance, (c) mixture.
Give an example of a homogeneous mixture and an
example of a heterogeneous mixture.

1.17

Conceptual Problem
1.8

Determine which of the following properties are
intensive and which are extensive: (a) length,
(b) volume, (c) temperature, (d) mass.

Identify each of the diagrams shown here as a solid,
liquid, gas, or mixture of two substances.

Determine whether the following statements describe
chemical or physical properties: (a) Oxygen gas
supports combustion. (b) Ingredients in antacids
reduce acid reflux. (c) Water boils above 100°C in a
pressure cooker. (d) Carbon dioxide is denser than air.
(e) Uranium combines with fluorine to form a gas.
Classify the following as qualitative or quantitative
statements, giving your reasons. (a) The sun is
approximately 93 million miles from Earth. (b) Leonardo
da Vinci was a better painter than Michelangelo. (c) Ice
is less dense than water. (d) Butter tastes better than
margarine. (e) A stitch in time saves nine.
Determine whether each of the following describes
a physical change or a chemical change: (a) A soda
loses its fizz and goes flat. (b) A bruise develops on
a football player’s arm and gradually changes color.
(c) A pile of leaves is burned. (d) Frost forms on a
windshield after a cold night. (e) Wet clothes are hung
out to dry in the sun.
Determine whether each of the following describes a
physical change or a chemical change: (a) The helium
gas inside a balloon tends to leak out after a few hours.
(b) A flashlight beam slowly gets dimmer and finally
goes out. (c) Frozen orange juice is reconstituted by
adding water to it. (d) The growth of plants depends
on the sun’s energy in a process called photosynthesis.
(e) A spoonful of sugar dissolves in a cup of coffee.

SeCTion 1.4: SCienTifiC MeASUReMenT
Review Questions
1.18
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Computational Problem
1.9

Classify each of the following as a pure substance, a
homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture:
(a) seawater, (b) helium gas, (c) salt, (d) diet cola, (e) a
milkshake, (f) bottled water, (g) concrete, (h) 24K gold,
(i) liquid nitrogen.

SeCTion 1.3: The PRoPeRTieS of MATTeR
Review Questions
1.10
1.11
1.12

What is the difference between a qualitative property
and a quantitative property?
Using examples, explain the difference between a
physical property and a chemical property.
How does an intensive property differ from an
extensive property?

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1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22

Name the SI base units that are important in chemistry,
and give the SI units for expressing the following:
(a) length, (b) volume, (c) mass, (d) time, (e) temperature.
Write the numbers represented by the following prefixes:
(a) mega-, (b) kilo-, (c) deci-, (d) centi-, (e) milli-,
(f) micro-, (g) nano-, (h) pico-.
What units do chemists normally use for the density of
liquids and solids? For the density of gas? Explain the
differences.
What is the difference between mass and weight? If a
person weighs 168 lb on Earth, about ??r?V6?v?V?@?F?RW'6??vV?v???F?R??????FW67&?&RF?RF?&VRFV?W&GW&R66?W2W6VB??WfW'?F???fR?B??F?R?&?&F?'??F?Rf?&V??V?B?6V?6?W2??@??V?f??66?W2?6??WFF????&?&?V?0??#0??#@??'&???R?2&VFF?6??'&?v??V?B?6?7V?FR?G2FV?6?G?????r????bS?br?bF?R7V'7F?6R?67W?W2??????F?RFV?6?G??bWF?????6???&?W72?V?BF?B?0?6?????????v?2w&???6??????2?s??r?????6?7V?FRF?R?72?br?B???bF?R?V?B?r???23??????2#?#???