The Tour d’ Horizon of Data Law Implications of Digital Twins
CONTENTS
1 Understanding and Categorizing DTs............................................................................... 72
1.1 Product DT........................................................................................................................ 73 1.1.1 Defense and Aviation......................................................................................................... 73 1.1.2 Healthcare......................................................................................................................... 73
1.2 Process DT......................................................................................................................... 74 1.2.1 Manufacturing................................................................................................................... 74 1.2.2 Healthcare......................................................................................................................... 75
1.3 Network DT....................................................................................................................... 75 1.3.1 Telecommunications and Energy...................................................................................... 75 1.3.2 Sustainability Projects....................................................................................................... 76
1.4 Communiity DT.................................................................................................................. 76 1.4.1 Smart Cities........................................................................................................................ 76
2 Data Flows...................................................................................................................... 77 |
2.1 |
Acquisition........................................................................................................................ 77 |
2.2 |
Validation, Structuring and Anonymization........................................................................ 77 |
2.3 |
Development and Deployment.......................................................................................... 78 |
3 Considerations Under Data Laws..................................................................................... 78 |
3.1 |
Stakeholders..................................................................................................................... 78 |
3.1.1 |
Data Controller.................................................................................................................. 78 |
3.1.2 |
Data Processor................................................................................................................... 78 |
3.1.3 |
Data Subject....................................................................................................................... 78 |
3.2 |
Data Agreements............................................................................................................... 79 |
3.3 |
Cross Border Data transfers and Localization...................................................................... 80 |
3.4 |
Data Minimization, Processing and Retention Limitations................................................... 80 |
4 Legal Implications and Risk Management........................................................................ 81
4.1 Violation of Privacy............................................................................................................ 81 4.1.1 Potential Risks.................................................................................................................... 82 4.1.2 Impact................................................................................................................................ 82
4.2 Data Subject Rights............................................................................................................ 83 4.2.1 Potential Risks.................................................................................................................... 84 4.2.2 Impact................................................................................................................................ 84
4.3 Data Localization............................................................................................................... 85 4.3.1 Potential Risks.................................................................................................................... 85 4.3.2 Impact................................................................................................................................ 85
4.4 Data Transfers................................................................................................................... 85 4.4.1 Potential Risks.................................................................................................................... 86 4.4.2 Impact................................................................................................................................ 87
4.5 Data Storage & Security..................................................................................................... 87
70 May 2025