Broadsight May 2014 | Page 7

F U N G A T E Atomic Clocks Also form the basis for many technologies You may think how a clock could be so important regardless of how accurate it is, however, when you consider that precision, that a modern atomic clock doesnʼt lose a second in time in tens of millions of years when compared to the next best chronometers – electronic clocks – that can lose a second a day you get to realise just how accurate they are. In fact, atomic clocks have been crucial in identifying the smaller nuances of our world and the universe. For instance we have for millennia assumed that a day is 24 hours long but in fact, thanks to atomic clock technology we now know that the length of each day slightly differs and in general the earthʼs rotation is slowing down. What Atomic Clocks Have Done for Us? Atomic clocks have also been used to accurately measure the earthʼs gravity and have even proved Einsteinʼs theories of how gravity can slow time by accurately measuring the difference in the passing of time at each subsequent inch above the earthʼs surface. This has been crucial when it comes to placing satellites in orbit as time passes quicker that high above the earth than it does on the ground. Atomic clocks also form the basis for many of the technologies that we employ in our day to day lives. Satellite navigation devices rely on atomic clocks in GPS satellites. Not only do they have to take into account the differences in time above the orbit but it as sat navs use the time sent from the satellites to triangulate positions, a one second inaccuracy would see navigational information inaccurate by thousands of miles (as light travels nearly 180,000 miles every second). Atomic clocks are also the basis for the worldʼs global timescale – UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), which is utilised by computer networks throughout the world. Time synchronization to an atomic clock and UTC is relatively straight forward w