Briefing Papers Number 17, May 2012 | Page 11

Recommendations The United States has played an integral role in mobilizing both political will and resources to bolster food security. The 2012 G-8 Summit provides an extraordinary opportunity for the U.S. administration to make the case for coordinated agricultural development and highlight the U.S. commitment to achieving global food security. The leadership of the United States in making investments in food security can leverage www.bread.org CRS come at a cost to the environment and contribute to climate change, because land, water, and non-renewable resources such as fertilizer and energy are used to produce, process, handle, and transport food that no one consumes. Significant volumes of grain in developing countries are lost after harvest. Technical causes may include inadequate harvesting methods, handling procedures, drying techniques, and moisture levels; types of storage or lack thereof; contamination; and attacks by pests, insect damage, and infestation by food-borne pathogens. Governance-related causes include poor sales, procurement, storage, marketing, and distribution policies or practices; absence of mechanisms for dealing with cash flow needs, such as warehouse receipts systems; mismanagement in handling grain stocks and associated financing; or difficulty in dealing with the ownership, control, and payment aspects of grain storage and price stabilization programs. In most low-income countries, particularly in Africa, postharvest losses in cereal quantity and quality lead to lower earnings at the market and less nutritional value for family meals. They may even cause serious illness if a person consumes grain contaminated with