Bitter Pills:Medicines & The Third World Poor | Page 231

Chapter 5
8

Wilfred Lionel and Andrew Herxheimer, "Coherent Policies on Drugs: Formulation and
Implementation", in Blum, Herxheimer, Stenzl and Woodcock (ed), Pharmaceuticals and
Health Policy, International Research Group for Drug Legislation and Programs, Croom Helm,
London 1981, p.247.

9

S. Bethoud, "Profil de prescription en Suisse romande et au Tessin: analyse de 2006 ordonnences
medicales" in JournalSuissedeMedicine, 109, No. 3,1979, pp. 1194-1200, quoted in November,
op.cit., p.157.

10

Lionel and Herxheimer, op.cit.

11

Dr. Burley, Head of International Medical Liaison, Ciba-Geigy, personal communication,
"Comments on your list of requests to companies" attached to letter of 21 May 1981.

12
13

ABPI, "Code of Practice for the Pharmaceutical Industry", op.cit., p.vii (3.3).
ABPI News, No. 177, October 1979.

14

Professor M. D. Rawlins, University of Newcastle and advisor to Committee on Safety of
Medicines, in interview with the author, 31 March 1982.

15

Dr. U.K. Sheth, quoted by Shiranand Karkal (winner of Rajika Kripalani Young Journalist's
award, doing internship Kem Hospital, Bombay) "Drugging the Indian", article in Debonair,
October 1980.

16

"Merck in Bangladesh, Marketing Plan I98O(-1982)", dated December 1979 (forwarded to
E. Merck, West Germany with letter from Merck Emedia Export Co. m.b.H. Bangladesh Branch
of 22 January 1980) p.11.

17

Ibid., pp.11 and 17.

IS

Ibid., p . l l . and from p.8: "3.4 SEGMENTATION OF DOCTORS
Total
1978
GP
Specialists
TOTAL
Students

7,500
500
8,000
3,000

Important
visited
3,800
400
4,200
-

Actually
to be
visited
2,000
250
2,250
-

Planned
estimated
1980
2,500
300
2,800
-

Total

8,000
700
8,700
3,500

Medical opinion: British."
19

Ibid., p.29. Average sales proceeds per man/per year: 1978 DM 145,000(and 1981: DM250).
Average cost/per representative per month 1978 DM 550. Average cost per call DM 3.20.

20

Dr. J.S. Yudkin, MRCP, Senior Lecturer in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Dar-es-Salaam, "To Plan is to Choose" 1978, p.9. (inimeo)

21

-

Jasper Woodcock, Director, Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence, "Medicines
- the Interested Parties" in Blum, et al., op. cit., p.31.
Milton Silverman and Mia Lydecker, "The Promotion of Prescription Drugs and
other Puzzles", in Ibid., p.86. Guatemala, Mexico and Brazil, ratio 1:3.
Dr. J.S. Yudkin, "The Economics of Pharmaceutical supply in Tanzania", (undated
mimeo)
UNCTAD Technology policies in the Pharmaceutical sector in Nepal,
(UNCTAD/TT/34), United Nations 1980, p. 13. ("Altogether therefore, there are
70 full-time and about 70-80 part-time detailmen employed by the private sector to
promote its products to approximately 400 doctors. The main activity of these
representatives is to visit the doctors with samples and brochures. It is estimated that
some doctors with a large private practice in Kathmandu are visited by an average
of three to four detailmen daily. There is no Government control on promotional
activity by drug companies.")

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