Bitter Pills:Medicines & The Third World Poor | Page 227

Chapter 4
t29 million - less than I percent.." ('Pharmacy and World Health Organisation Special
Programme', extracts from Dr. Goodwin's Harrison Memorial Lecture, The Pharmaceutical
Journal, 21 October 1978.) According to Wellcome in 1982 "R & D expenditure in respect
of disease control in the poor communitiies of the developing countries is in fact many times
greater". (Dr.Arnold Worlock, The Wellcome Foundation Limited, personal communication,
28 May 1982.) According to Roche about 10% of total R & D effort "is directly orientated
to the needs of developing countries". (S. Redfern, Pharmaceutical Division, Roche Products
Limited, personal communication, 4 May 1982.)
52

Goodwin, op.cit.

53

Taylor, op.cit., p.35.

54

Andras November, Les Medicaments et le Tiers Monde, Geneva 1981, p.52.

55

-

56

Prof. George Teeling-Smith, Director Office of Health Economics, personal communication,
17 February 1982.

Dr. Michael Hodin, Director of Public Affairs, Pfizer International Inc., personal
communication, 17 March 1982.
Financial Times Survey, op.cit.

57

Ibid.

58

WHO unpublished draft paper on the Trend of Essential Drug Prices in Developing Countries,
1980, p.6. of "General Principles" section. "It is estimated that in 1980 the World Consumption
of Pharmaceuticals will reach 42.533 million dollars and, if the trend of investing 8-10% of
sales (as the industry states) in research and development continues, the estimated amount
for this purpose to be charged to developing countries will be considerable. Theoretically, the
contribution could be 813.6 million dollars - 10% of the total consumption."

59

Estimated at 90,000 million US dollars 1982. ( Financial Times Survey, op.cit.)

60

Ciba-Geigy Pharma, Generics Policy, Divisional Policy Affairs, Pharma Policy V1 /81, Basle,
1981.

61

Ibid.

62

Ibid.

63

Ciba-Geigy, "Generics are a Fact", op. cit.

64

-

65

Office of Health Economics, Brand Names in Prescribing, September 1976.

66

U NI DO, Global Study of the Pharmaceutical Industry, prepared by the Secretariat of U NI DO
(ID/WG.331/6), 22 October 1980.

67

-

68

For example, Zambia (Martyn Young,OXFAM Field Director, Zambia, personal
communication, 28 March 1980).

69

"Generics are a Fact", op.cit.

70

Dr. Gordon Fryers, Director of Strategic Affairs, Reckitt and Colman, "The balance of public
interest", in Medicines for the year 2000, OHE, op.cit., p.124.

71

Government of Guyana et al., op.cit., p.6.

72

UNCTAD, Trade marks and generic names of Pharmaceuticals and consumer protection, report
by the UNCTAD Secretariat (TD/B/C.6/AC.5/4), 15 December 1981, p.13.

Ciba-Geigy, Generics Policy 1981, op.cit., p.6.
P. F. Lumley, Manager, Public Affairs, The Association of the British Pharmaceutical
Industry, personal communication, 21 June 1982:

Government of Guyana et al., op.cit.
Also UNCTAD, Technology Policies and planning for the pharmaceutical sector in the
developing countries, United Nations, 1980.

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