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throughout the plant.
Write a 1,000- to 1,500-word paper (In APA Style – see APA sample
Paper), including the pictures requested below, describing primary and
secondary growth in plants and the journey of water and sugar
molecules in plants. Include the following points and principles:
Part 1: Primary and Secondary Cells and Tissues in Plants
The three types of plant cells are parenchyma, collenchyma, and
sclerenchyma. For each, discuss the basic structure, function, the
different types for parenchyma and sclerenchyma, and where in the
plant they can be found.
Include a picture of a cross section of a leaf (Include an APA formatted
in-text citation). Label the following structures and then describe each of
the following: epidermis, cutin, cuticle, guard cells, stomata, cortex, and
vascular bundles.
What is the function of a lenticel? How are intercellular spaces important
for this function?
Include a picture of a stem and label the nodes, internodes, apical
meristems, leaf buds, and flower buds.
Describe growth by apical meristems.
Include a picture of a cross section of secondary growth in a woody
species (Include an APA formatted in-text citation). Label the primary
xylem and phloem, secondary xylem and phloem, fascicular cambium,
and interfascicular cambium.
In woody species, additional tissues are produced in the stem and root
by two additional meristems. Name these meristems, and describe how
they add secondary growth to the plant.
Part 2: Water, Sugar, and Mineral Transport in Plants
Explain how each of the following mechanisms transports substances
within the plant: symplast, osmosis, molecular pumps in the membranes,
transport vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane, apoplast, and
transfer cells.
Describe the costs and benefits of transpiration for plants.
Describe how glucose (sugar) is transported within a plant. Use the
terms sieve cells, sieve tube members, companion cells, sieve pores,
sieve areas, pressure flow hypothesis, sources (provide examples),
sinks (provide examples), STM/CC complex, and osmotic potential in
your response. Highlight these terms within your answer.
Explain how water and minerals are absorbed and transported by the
root system into the xylem and from the xylem into leaves. Include the
terms xylem, tracheids, vessel elements, pit membranes, vessel,
adhesion, cohesion, cohesion-tension, and transpiration. Highlight these
terms within your answer.