Historians and geographers have not reached a consensus on the designation of the territory of the Armenian Highland, given that throughout history, the borders of the Armenian administrative divisions, as well as territories largely occupied by Armenians, have undergone changes, and the original sources of information regarding the ancient times are scarce. According to modern scientists, the Armenian Highland borders the Lesser Caucasus mountain chain in the north; the Armenian Taurus mountain chain in the south; the Anti-Taurus mountain chain in the west; the Pontus Mountains in the north-west; and the Caspian Sea and Lake Urmia in the east.
Other researchers note the same information, apart from the Eastern border, which is thought to reach the Kura and Araks rivers. The central and most fertile territory within these borders has often been referred to as the Central Land (Mijnashkharkh). The Central Land is isolated by mountains, fields and valleys. From the north-west the Pontus Mountains separate the Armenian Highland from the Black Sea.
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