that most will correct spontane- |
see figure 9 ) and transmalleolar |
considered internal tibial torsion . The |
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ously and not require any formal |
axis . |
transmalleolar axis is a line parallel to |
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treatment . |
A TFA is measured between the |
the axis between the medial and lateral |
||
Examining for tibial torsion is |
line bisecting the posterior thigh and |
malleolus of the ankle and its bisector |
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also best performed with the child |
another line bisecting the foot along |
with the axis of the thigh ( see figure |
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prone on the examination table . |
the axis of the second ray . Normally , |
10 ). Normal values are 15-30 ° external . |
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Figure 9 . Left foot : heel bisector . Right foot : thigh – foot angle . |
Once again , thighs flat and knees bent to 90 °. Two measures can be taken : the thigh – foot angle ( TFA , |
the angle is between 0 ° and 30 °. A TFA greater than 30 ° is excessive external tibial torsion , and a TFA less than 0 ° is |
Foot
Metatarsus adductus and
|