Australian Doctor 16th May 2025 | Page 38

38 HOW TO TREAT: SHOULDER INSTABILITY

38 HOW TO TREAT: SHOULDER INSTABILITY

16 MAY 2025 ausdoc. com. au
Figure 3. Schematic illustration of a posterior shoulder dislocation.
Courtesy of Shoulderdoc. co. uk
Figure 4. Schematic illustration of the mechanism of a SLAP tear.
Courtesy of Shoulderdoc. co. uk
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of an anterior shoulder dislocation.
Courtesy of Shoulderdoc. co. uk
PAGE 36
determine if there are any
fractures. The authors recommend a
true AP and a lateral view for acute
dislocations. The coracoid process
is a helpful landmark that is present at the front of the shoulder, and this helps to determine the direction of dislocation. If the shoulder is not too uncomfortable a West
Acromion
Clavicle
Lateral view
Point view is very helpful to evaluate for a bony Bankart lesion. Ultrasound or MRI is important if there is a concern regarding the rotator cuff. Table 1 lists the injuries that may be associated with a shoulder dislocation.
Tear
Glenoid labrum
Glenoid cavity
MANAGEMENT
THE initial management of shoulder
instability focuses on reduction,
with any dislocated joint reduced as soon as possible. Imaging can
Normal labrum
always follow.
Reduction
It is important to immediately assess
SLAP tear
and treat a shoulder dislocation
because once muscle spasm occurs it
is very difficult to reduce the shoulder
joint without anaesthesia. The
authors also recommend a quick assessment of the axillary nerve by
Tear
testing sensation over the deltoid.
The traction / countertraction
technique is a commonly used
method for reduction and is the most practical to perform on the sidelines immediately after an injury. This technique is performed
Anterior view
Bankart lesion
by placing longitudinal traction on the injured arm and slowly abducting and externally rotating PAGE 40
Figure 5. Superior labrum from anterior to posterior( SLAP) tear.
Labrum tears